BACKGROUND HIV co-morbid suicidal ideation is an important public health problem. And the prime time for suicide ideation intervention among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in the early stage of HIV/AIDS diagnosed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to apply structural equation modeling to investigate suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients to provide a basis for subsequent intervention studies. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients was conducted from November 2019 to January 2021 at the HIV Voluntary Counseling & Testing Clinic of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Shenzhen by convenience sampling, using a uniform self-administered questionnaire combined with a professional scale. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, Spearman rank correlation, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and their direct and indirect effects. RESULTS A total of 263 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were collected in the study, aged 18-65 years, 39.9% of patients had suicidal ideation. Age, believing that he is a victim of intentional HIV transmission, HIV self-test results, depression, stigma, and social support were significant influential factors for suicidal ideation in newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients. The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that the effect of age on suicidal ideation was -0.151; the effect of self-perception of being infected with HIV by intentional transmission on suicidal ideation was 0.154; the effect of depression on suicidal ideation was 0.171; the effect of social support on suicidal ideation was -0.148; and the effect of perceived discrimination on suicidal ideation was 0.392. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems are a key influence on suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients, and interventions for HIV-infected patients should focus not only on their physical health but also on their mental health.

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV infection. Accurate estimation of the population size and monitoring the risk sexual behavioral change of MSM is of great importance to develop targeted HIV prevention and interventions. Objective The goal of the research was accurate estimation of the population size and monitoring the risk sexual behavioral change of MSM. Methods Street interception investigation methods were conducted among males aged 16 years and older in selected sites in Shenzhen in 2014 and 2019. A population survey was used to estimate the population size of MSM. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the difference in behavioral characteristics in MSM from 2014 to 2019. Results In this study, we surveyed 10,170 participants in 2014, of whom 448 (4.41%, 95% CI 4.01%-4.80%) participants were men who have ever had sex with another man (MSMe) and 229 (2.25%, 95% CI 1.96%-2.54%) were men who had sex with another man in the previous 6 months (MSMa). A total of 10,226 participants were surveyed in 2019, of which 500 (4.90%, 95% CI 4.47%-5.31%) and 208 (2.03%, 95% CI 1.76%-2.31%) participants were MSMe and MSMa, respectively. The results showed that the population size of MSM who are active (MSMa) in Shenzhen was 155,469 (2.29%, 95% CI 2.28%-2.30%) in 2014 and 167,337 (2.05%, 95% CI 2.04%-2.06%) in 2019. It was estimated that there were about 12,005,445 (2.04%, 95% CI 2.04%-2.04%) MSMa in China in 2019. Compared with 2014, the MSMa in 2019 were more likely to seek sex partners through mobile phone apps and less likely to have male and female sex partners in addition to having inconsistent condom use and more than 6 sex partners in the previous 6 months. Conclusions In Shenzhen, the proportion of MSMa among the general male population was lower in 2019 than in 2014, and the prevalence of HIV risk behavior was reduced in 2019. Although the preferred platform to find male sex partners among MSM has changed, intervention with high–HIV risk MSM could still help to reduce HIV risk behaviors among the whole MSM group. Because MSM prefer to seek sex partners through mobile phone apps, further study is needed to strengthen internet interventions with high–HIV risk MSM to curb the spread of HIV.

Ridesplitting, a form of shared ridesourcing service, has the potential to significantly reduce emissions. However, its current adoption rate among users remains relatively low. Policies such as carbon credit schemes, which offer rewards for emission reduction, hold great promise in promoting ridesplitting. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the choice behaviors for ridesplitting under a carbon credit scheme. First, both the socio-demographic and psychological factors that may influence the ridesplitting behavioral intention were identified based on the theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and perceived risk theory. Then, a hybrid choice model of ridesplitting was established to model choice behaviors for ridesplitting under a carbon credit scheme by integrating both structural equation modeling and discrete choice modeling. Meanwhile, a stated preference survey was conducted to collect the socio-demographic and psychological information and ridesplitting behavioral intentions of transportation network company (TNC) users in 12 hypothetical scenarios with different travel distances and carbon credit prices. Finally, the model was evaluated based on the survey data. The results show that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, low-carbon values, and carbon credit prices have significant positive effects on the choice behavior for ridesplitting. Specifically, increasing the carbon credit price could raise the probability of travelers choosing ridesplitting. In addition, travelers with higher low-carbon values are usually more willing to choose ridesplitting and are less sensitive to carbon credit prices. The findings of this study indicate that a carbon credit scheme is an effective means to incentivize TNC users to choose ridesplitting.