Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: (2006),"Library digitization projects, issues and guidelines: A survey of the literature", Library Hi Tech, Vol. 24 Iss 2 pp. 273-289 http://dx.If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to evaluate current approaches to assessing digitisation activities in memory institutions. Design/methodology/approach -Qualitative and quantitative analysis of digitisation surveys were performed. Analysis concentrated on several themes: general methodological solutions, digitisation objectives, users and usage of digitised content, budgeting and costs of digitisation, and volume and growth of digitised collections. Findings -Analysis revealed an absence of sound methodology solutions, issues of constructing a sample, the split between strategic and resource management approaches to digitisation, low visibility of user related evaluation criteria, and problems in developing quantitative measures. Research limitations/implications -Approaches to evaluating digitisation are not restricted to digitisation surveys and to provide a more comprehensive analysis these should be complemented by other data (e.g. interviews of digitisation experts). The identification of surveys was limited by subjective factors such as knowledge of national experts, visibility of reports on the web, and language of publication. Practical implications -The paper assists in the development of digitisation surveys by highlighting previous gaps and achievements. Originality/value -The paper is a first attempt to comprehend approaches to monitoring digitisation internationally. Gaps and issues identified in the research can guide studies on developing indicators and measures for specific digitisation activities.

Digital exclusion is high on the international agenda and covers a variety of inequalities in access to and use of digital technologies, and in the skills and motivation needed for their adoption. This research contributes to the discussion on solving digital exclusion issues by addressing the emergent roles and challenges of Lithuanian public libraries in reducing the digital divide. The article combines a multilevel model of the digital divide with the concept of business idea and analyzes the future scenarios of Lithuanian public libraries. The findings highlight the public libraries' importance in conducting training, consultancy, and experiential learning to stimulate digital inclusion. Potentially, libraries can motivate users to adopt digital technologies, but this role is still not sufficiently visible. The findings show that libraries face challenges of redefining their social value and obtaining the sustaining funds, skills, and infrastructure necessary for digital inclusion programs. However, they can use collaboration networks, effective cost management, and external expertise to overcome these obstacles.

Aim/Purpose: To capture digital training experiences, the paper introduces a novel data collection method – a graphic questionnaire. It aims to demonstrate the opportunities and limitations of this tool for collecting feedback from socially disadvantaged participants of digital literacy training about their progress. Background: In training of digital skills for disadvantaged audiences through informal educational interventions, it is important to get sufficient knowledge on factors that lead to their progress in the course of training. There are many tools to measure the achievements of formal education participants, but assessing the effectiveness of informal digital skills training is researched less. The paper introduces a small-scale case study of the training programme aimed at the developing of reading and digital skills among the participants from three socially disadvantaged groups – people with hearing impairments, children from low income families, and elderly persons. The impact of the training on participants was evaluated using different tools, including a short graphic questionnaire to capture the perceptions of the participants after each training. Methodology: We performed a thematic analysis of graphic questionnaires collected after each training session to determine how the students perceived their progress in developing literacy and digital skills. Contribution The findings of the paper can assist in designing assessment of digital literacy programmes that focus not only on final results, but also on the process of gaining digital skills and important factors that facilitate progress. Findings: The graphic questionnaire allowed the researchers to get insights into the perception of acquired skills and progressive achievements of the participants through rich self-reports of attitudes, knowledge gained, and activities during training sessions. However, the graphic questionnaire format did not allow the collection of data about social interaction and cooperation that could be important in learning. Recommendations for Practitioners: Graphic questionnaires are useful and easy-to-use tools for getting rich contextual information about the attitudes, behaviour, and acquisition of knowledge in digital literacy training. They can be used in applied assessments of digital literacy training in various settings. Their simplicity can appeal to respondents; however, in the long-run interest of respondents in continuing self-reports should be sustained by additional measures. Recommendations for Researchers: Researcher may explore the variety of simple and attractive research instruments, such as “honeycomb” questionnaires and similar, to facilitate data collection and saturate feedback with significant perception of personal experiences in gaining digital literacy skills. Impact on Society: Designing effective digital literacy programmes, including engaging self-assessment methods and tools, aimed at socially disadvantaged people will contribute to their digital inclusion and to solving the issues of digital divide. Future Research: Exploration of diverse research methods and expanding the research toolset in assessing digital literacy training could advance our understanding of important processes and factors in gaining digital skills.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to research the approach of memory institutions to collaboration by analysing collaboration patterns in the networks developed in digitisation initiatives. Design/methodology/approach -Qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the comments about partners and contractors made by respondents of the NUMERIC survey on the progress of digitisation in European cultural institutions was performed. Several attributes of collaborative networks of memory institutions were analysed: their size, members by type of organisation, and visibility of collaborators of particular type. Additionally, comparative analysis of collaborative networks of archives, libraries and museums was carried out. Findings -Memory institutions did not approach collaboration strategically. They exhibited a low engagement in collaboration and focused on establishing resource-sharing networks. Many of them established networks with the institutions of the same type.Research limitations/implications -The number of archives which provided comments about their networks was much fewer than the number of libraries and museums. It suggests that additional research on archives and their networks is needed to obtain more reliable data. Practical implications -The results of this research are useful for managers responsible for digitisation initiatives, evaluating and revising collaboration strategies; professional associations, governmental and advisory bodies working with memory institutions for planning, and providing support and advice in digitisation. Originality/value -The results of this research would be relevant for professional associations, governmental and advisory bodies, working with memory institutions.

Vilniaus universiteto Bibliotekininkystės ir informacijos mokslų institutas,Universiteto g. 3, LT-01513 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: zinaida.manzuch@mb.vu.ltArchyvai, bibliotekos ir muziejai atsidūrė spaudos ir skaitmeninių komunikacijos kultūrų sandūroje, kas paskatino teoretikus ir praktikus kurti šių institucijų ateities veiklos vizijas ir scenarijus. Tačiau samprotavimai apie jų ateitį bei atminties komunikacijos strategijas dažnai stokoja teorinio pagrindimo. Straipsnyje siekiama apibūdinti ir kritiškai įvertinti atminties komunikacijos paradigmas, kurios lemia tam tikrų kultūros paveldo sklaidos strategijų pasirinkimą šiuolaikiniuose archyvuose, bibliotekose ir muziejuose, jų ištakas ir ateities perspektyvas. Atminties ir kultūros paveldo sampratų analizė leido padaryti išvadą, kad atminties komunikacija minėtose institucijose apima du matmenis: socialinį, kuris siejasi su kultūros paveldo rinkinių kontekstualizavimu atsižvelgiant į visuomenės dabarties poreikius bei interesus, ir naratyvinį, kuris atskirus simbolius ir idėjas susieja į prasmingą visumą. Pasitelkiant atminties meno istorinės raidos tyrinėjimus išskiriamos dvi atminties komunikacijos paradigmos: atmintis-kompiuteris ir atmintis-teatras. Daroma išvada, kad šios paradigmos ignoruoja socialinį atminties komunikacijos matmenį. Straipsnyje siūloma nauja integralios atminties komunikacijos paradigma, kuri apimtų socialinį ir naratyvinį atminties komunikacijos lygmenis.