Xenoestrogens are artificial products that can be of industrial, agricultural or pharmaceutical origin. We have undertaken work to examine the possible effects of a stressor; a systemic fungicide considered to be an estrogen mimetic, Mancozebe, on tadpoles of an amphibian species; the green frog Rana saharica. After treatment for 5 weeks with increasing concentrations of Mancozeb (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mg/l). In order to evaluate the biochemical and metabolic aspect and to know the details of the oxidative stress, we performed some assays. A disturbance of the antioxidant detoxification systems (Glutathion-S-Transferase GST and Catalase CAT) which are involved in the defense mechanisms against stress caused by Mancozeb was highlighted. We also found an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels due to lipid peroxidation and neurotoxicity confirmed by inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. The induction of oxidative stress prompted us to explore, among other things, the histological side and tissue damage caused by Mancozeb in tadpoles. Our results revealed hepatocyte necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolation.
RésuméLe but de cette étude était d'identi er chez le lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, des biomarqueurs de stress oydants qui pourraient fournir des indications de stress dû à la pollution de l'air. Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale a été transplanté de son habitat naturel non pollué (forêt de Bougous) à deux zones polluées urbaine et semi-urbaine, pour une période maximale de 4 mois.Les premiers signes de stress ont été détectés par l'augmentation des teneurs des protéines d'une façon signi cative d'une station à une autre. Par la suite, par l'augmentation très hautement signi cative de l'activité des enzymes Ascorbate peroxydase (APX) et Gaïacol-peroxydase (GPX) d'un site à un autre, la Catalase (CAT) présente une activité signi cative dans l'espace. Nous avons constaté une nette augmentation de ces paramètres dans les transplants de Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale au niveau de la zone urbaine par rapport à la zone semi-urbaine. Par contre, la teneur des protéines et l'activité des différents enzymes sont très faibles au niveau de la zone témoin (forêt de Bougous).Rares sont les publications qui traitent de l'interaction des polluants métalliques et gazeux, alors qu'ils peuvent être présents ensemble sur un même site (urbain ou industriel) et ainsi agir de concert sur la physiologie des lichens. Effectivement, nos résultats re ètent très bien ce phénomène (interaction plomb et polluants gazeux, tels que les NOx) à travers l'augmentation des taux des protéines qui, normalement, sous l'effet d'un stress, verront leur catabolisme augmenter.
Mots-cléslichen, pollution atmosphérique, stress, transplantation, enzymes, protéines
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify, in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, antioxidants that may provide indications of stress of air pollution. Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale was transplanted from its natural habitat relatively unpolluted (forest of Bougous) in two polluted areas: urban and semi-urban, for a maximum period of 4 months.The rst signs of stress were detected by the increase in the contents of proteins in a signi cant way in space thereafter, by the increase very highly signi cant in the activity of the enzymes Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Guaïacol-peroxidase (GPX) in space, on the other hand Catalase (CAT) presents only signi cant activity in space. We noted a clear increase in these parameters in the transplants of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale on the level of the urban area compared to the semi urban area. On the other hand, the content of protein and the activity of different enzymes is very low at the control region (forest of Bougous).There are few publications dealing with the interaction of metallic and gaseous pollutants, while they may be present together on the same site (urban or industrial) and thus act in concert on the physiology of lichens. Indeed, our results re ect very well this phenomenon (interaction lead and gaseous pollutants such as the NOx) through increased levels of proteins that normally under the effect of stres...
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