This review paper fits in the context of the adequate matching of training to employment, which is one of the main challenges that universities around the world strive to meet. In higher education, the revision of curricula necessitates a return to the skills required by the labor market to train skilled labors.In this research, we started with the presentation of the conceptual framework. Then we quoted different currents that discussed the problematic of the job training match from various perspectives. We proceeded to choose some studies that have attempted to remedy this problem by adopting the competency-based approach that involves the referential line. This approach has as a main characteristic the attainment of the match between training and employment. Therefore, it is a relevant solution for this problem. We scrutinized the selected studies, presenting their objectives, methodologies and results, and we provided our own analysis. Then, we focused on the Moroccan context through observations and studies already conducted. And finally, we introduced the problematic of our future project.

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This work is part of the improvement of the training of engineers who play an important role in the progress of companies. We were interested in the adequacy between training and job profiles. The skills frameworks are the interface that allows you to move from the world of training to the world of work, they focus on individuals, their cognitive skills and their individual skills through imitable statements. In this study, we will compare three benchmarks of international mechanical engineering skills from different bodies, namely Switzerland, France and England, according to criteria that have been deemed relevant. This comparison relates to the different macro-skills, their components as well as the training and evaluation situations which correspond to them. The above analysis allowed us to choose a skills framework which will serve as a basis for making improvements to the mechanical engineering training programs of the National School of Electricity and Mechanics.

This project is a contribution to the continuous improvement of the education of engineers, which involves all the stakeholders in the field. It presents the primary results of a quantitative study of mechanical engineering training in the Higher National School of Electricity and Mechanics (École Nationale Supé rieure d'Électricité et Mé canique -ENSEM), in collaboration with numerous Moroccan industrialists. The first phase of the research consisted in the issue as well as the research methodology adopted. In the second phase, a survey instrument was developed based on the competency framework as a research model, and then the hypotheses to be tested were outlined. Then, a questionnaire was designed and pre-tested for the purposes of this examination, which was subsequently completed by industry leaders from different sectors. The results obtained show the strengths and weaknesses in ENSEM's training in mechanical engineering and reveal the correlations between the various engineering competencies. The paper finally ends with a listing of recommendations to address the diverse issues identified, in addition to a statement of the further prospects for this research.

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