Satellite vibration is an important factor that can seriously reduce the image quality of remote sensing imaging. In this paper, the influence of the random vibration of the payload on the frame-by-frame imaging quality of the area-array CMOS camera is studied. Firstly, the mode of the camera’s dynamic frame-by-frame imaging is established; secondly, the curvature mapping function between the ground and camera focal planes is derived based on the invariance of the field of view (FOV). The frequency domain-filtered template of random vibration is constructed. Then, the distortion and degradation images, of single-frame images at different attitude angles, are inversed; finally, the influence of attitude angle, exposure time, and the error of velocity, caused by random vibrations on dynamic frame-by-frame imaging, are analyzed. The simulation results show that the degree of image edge distortion gets larger when the attitude angle increases from 0° to 50°. At the same time, the MTF decreases rapidly with the increase of the error of velocity and the attitude angle. Meanwhile, when the output-image SSIM decreases by 0.1, the MSE increases by 18.5. The experimental results show that the field of view (FOV) of dynamic imaging should be reasonably set, and the error of velocity should be effectively reduced to obtain high-quality remote sensing images.

In order to analyze the impact of multisource vibration on the imaging quality of aerospace optical payload during camera scanning, a dynamic imaging image quality degradation model fused with satellite vibration filter templates is established. Firstly, according to the motion scanning process of the TDI camera, a filter template combining the amplitude and frequency of the vibration source is designed; Secondly, a piecewise function of satellite vibration with a frequency range of 1 Hz to 1000 Hz is obtained by curve fitting, and the amplitudes of different frequency ranges are brought into the image filter template to simulate the output image affected by the vibration. Finally, the output degraded image is analyzed through structural similarity and mean square error. The simulation results show that during the imaging process of the aerospace scanning mirror, the line frequency of the camera changes regularly with the change of the scanning speed. Platform vibration similar to the camera's exposure frequency has a large impact on image quality. Therefore, when the camera's exposure frequency is 110 Hz, vibration at a frequency of 110 Hz will further degrade the image quality. This article is expected to provide guidance for spatial vibration suppression and image quality degradation assessment in the imaging process of aerospace scanning mirrors.