Optical fiber sensors based on an interferometer structure play a significant role in monitoring physical, chemical, and biological parameters in natural environments. However, sensors with high-sensitivity measurement still present their own challenges. This paper deduces and summarizes the methods of sensitivity enhancement in interferometer based fiber optical sensors, including the derivation of the sensing principles, key characteristics, and recently-reported applications.The modal coupling interferometer is taken as an example to derive the five terms related to the sensitivity: (1) the wavelength-dependent difference of phase between two modes/arms ∂ϕd/∂λ, (2) the sensor length Lw,A, (3) refractive index difference between two modes/arms Δneff,A, (4) sensing parameter dependent length change α, and (5) sensing parameter dependent refractive index change γ. The research papers in the literature that modulate these terms to enhance the sensing sensitivity are reviewed in the paper.

In this study, we aim to examine how socialization practices predict newcomers' career adaptability during their organizational transitions. Drawing on career construction theory and conservation of resources theory, we argue that newcomers' job embeddedness, as predicted by their perceived organizational socialization tactics, positively predicts their career adaptability during career transitions. We investigate the role of past transition experiences (i.e., career variety) in moderating the relationship between job embeddedness and career adaptability. Data were collected at three time points from 492 newcomers in an information technology company in China. The newcomers' perceived organizational socialization tactics (i.e., training, future prospects and coworker support) positively predicted their job embeddedness, which was positively associated with their career adaptability. Additionally, career variety weakened the positive effect of job embeddedness on career adaptability. Furthermore, career variety moderated the indirect effects of future prospects and coworker support on career adaptability via job embeddedness, but not that of training. We conclude the article with discussions of our theoretical and practical contributions.