With the confrontation of ever increasing complicated
working objects
and unstructured environments, it is necessary for soft robots to
be equipped with diverse intelligent mechanical structures, for example,
anisotropically motorial bulk and timely proprio/exteroceptive sensing
with programmable morphologies. Owing to abundant pores inside, porous
media are promising to host various intelligent functions as interfaces/structures
of robots yet challenging because of a limited anisotropic response
inherited from a random hierarchical pore distribution. Here, an electron
competition between Ga, N, and Pt is found and used to tune the polymerization
of a gradient liquid alloy and NH4HCO3-suspended
silicone precursor mixture and, thus, decompose gas movements in gradient
pore formation under high-temperature heating (120 °C). By such
a competition–collaboration effect, we present here an interconnected
gradient porous structure (GPS) that can serve as an anisotropically
robotic motorial bulk. Moreover, the mechanical stiffness and piezoresistive/capacitive
property of GPS can be further tuned and reconfigured via so-called
self-sucked coating, following solvent erasing. Such new structures
provide a dynamic tactile recognition with an ultrabroad sensing range
(from 135 Pa to 2.3 MPa) and a reconfigurable biomimetic elephant
trunk with monolithic proprioceptive sensing-integrated bulks.
Precise Drug Delivery
In article number 2201255, Zhigang Wu and co‐workers present an ultra‐soft hard magnetic foam, which undergoes an anisotropic contraction under an applied magnetic field and has the ability of flexible locomotion. Such a new foam is utilized for precision drug delivery since it allows adjustable drug release rate and no leakage, and no residues during delivery.
Being abundant as natural intelligence, plants have attracted huge attention from researchers. Soft film sensors present a novel and promising approach to connect plants with artificial devices, helping us to investigate plants’ intelligence further. Here, recent developments for micro/nano soft film sensors that can be used for establishing intelligent plant systems are summarized, including essential materials, fabrications, and application scenarios. Conductive metals, nanomaterials, and polymers are discussed as basic materials for active layers and substrates of soft film sensors. The corresponding fabrication techniques, such as laser machining, printing, coating, and vapor deposition, have also been surveyed and discussed. Moreover, by combining soft film sensors with plants, applications for intelligent plant systems are also investigated, including plant physiology detection and plant-hybrid systems. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities are prospected.
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