Structurally diverse tigliane diterpenoids have drawn significant research interest for drug discovery over many decades. Using LC-MS-guided fractionation and separation, the first phytochemical investigation on Wikstroemia lamatsoensis led to the isolation of eight tiglianes (1–8), including two new compounds, wikstrocin D (1) and wikstrocin E (2). The new structures were elucidated based on extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The characteristic ESIMS/MS fragmentations of tiglianes 1–8 were also summarized. Among the isolated tiglianes, three compounds (8, 5, and 7) showed the most potent anti-HIV activity, with IC50 values of 0.18, 3.8, and 12.8 nM, respectively.

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The peel of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim is clinically used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China. In this study, the NF-κB inhibitory activity of the peel of T. kirilowii Maxim extracts were determined by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System, and the results showed 70% ethanol extract could significantly inhibit the activation of NF-κB (p < 0.001). Further, 21 compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract. One new compound, namely (2R)-(2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)-O-]-propanoic acid (1) and 20 known compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were tested in the anti-inflammatory assay and the results indicated compounds 5, 8, 11, 14, 15, 17 and 21 could inhibit the activation of NF-κB (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) at concentration of 1 μM.

During a chemical investigation of Wikstroemia scytophylla, three new [wikstrocins A–C (1–3)] and three known tigliane diterpenoids (4–6) were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from extensive physiochemical and spectroscopic analysis. The correlations between the ECD Cotton effects and B ring structures of tiglianes were also evaluated. The isolated compounds were assessed for their anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 infection of MT4 cells, and two compounds (4 and 6) showed potent anti-HIV activity with IC50 values of 3.8 and 12.8 nM, respectively.