Medium-chain
triacylglycerol (MCT) is widely used in infant formulas
(IFs) to provide medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) for infants with
special fat absorption requirements. However, MCFAs naturally present
in human milk are medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs).
This study investigated the effect of triacylglycerol containing MCFAs
(MLCT vs MCT) on lipolysis by comparison of human
milk and IFs containing 0, 20, 30, and 55% of MCT (IF 1 to IF 4) using
an in vitro digestion model. Rabbit gastric lipase
showed an extent of digestion within the expected range, and was selected
as the alternative to human gastric lipase. All IFs showed a lower
lipolysis degree compared with human milk. There was no significant
difference (p = 0.175) among IFs supplemented with
MCT at the end of intestinal digestion. In addition, the digestion
of IFs with different MCT contents led to different free fatty acid
profiles, which may have health effects on infants.
Polysaccharides can be esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to form derivatives with amphiphilic properties. The general preparation methods of OSA-polysaccharides are described, especially the aqueous method. The new hydrophobic groups introduced result in OSA-polysaccharides showing higher interfacial properties, better emulsifying stability, higher viscosity, and lower digestibility. There have been advances in the development of OSA-polysaccharides-based nanoencapsulation systems for hydrophobic bioactive compounds in recent years. Nano-encapsulation systems are formed through nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, micelles, vesicles, molecular inclusion complexes, and so on. This review aims to describe the preparation methods, the structure characterizations, and the physicochemical properties of OSA-polysaccharides as encapsulating agents. In addition, the focus is on the different nano-encapsulation systems based on OSA-polysaccharides as wall materials. Future perspectives will concern OSA-polysaccharides-based nano-encapsulation systems with optimized functional properties for providing higher bioavailability and targeted delivery of various hydrophobic bioactive compounds.
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