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The accuracy of dam deformation prediction is a key issue that needs to be addressed due to the many factors that influence dam deformation. In this paper, a dam deformation prediction model based on IEALL (IGWO-EEMD-ARIMA-LSTM-LSTM) is proposed for a single-point scenario. The IEALL model is based on the idea of a combination model. Firstly, EEMD is used to decompose the dam deformation data, and then the ARIMA and LSTM models are selected for prediction. To address the problem of low prediction accuracy caused by simple linear addition of prediction results from different models in traditional combination models, the LSTM model is used to learn the combination relationship of different model prediction results. The problem of neural network parameters falling into local optima due to random initialization is addressed by using the improved gray wolf optimization (IGWO) to optimize multiple parameters in the IEALL combination model to obtain the optimal parameters. For the multi-point scenario of dam deformation, based on the IEALL model, a dam deformation prediction model based on spatio-temporal correlation and IEALL (STAGCN-IEALL) is proposed. This model introduces graph convolutional neural networks (GCN) to extract spatial features from multi-point sequences, increasing the model’s ability to express spatial dimensions. To address the dynamic correlation between different points in the deformation sequence at any time and the dynamic dependence on different points at any given time, spatio-temporal attention mechanisms are introduced to capture dynamic correlation from both spatial and temporal dimensions. Experimental results showed that compared to ST-GCN, IEALL reduced the RMSE, MAE, and MAPE by 16.06%, 14.72%, and 21.19%. Therefore, the proposed model effectively reduces the prediction error and can more accurately predict the trend of dam deformation changes.