This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm for fast mining association rules by multidimensional scaling (MDS). It takes the similarity measurements as the MDS proximities and develops a practical MDS model to generate decentralized configuration of points that represent the stops on vehicle routes. This algorithm extends the SMACOF algorithm by the steps of grouping and join. The experiments show that the novel algorithm has much higher efficiency than the Apriori algorithm especially when mining association rules of long patterns in transportation system.

The emergence of the organoid simulates the native organs and this mini-organ offers an excellent platform for probing the multicellular interaction, disease modeling and drug discovery. Blood vessels constitute the instructive vascular niche which is indispensable for organ development, function and regeneration. Therefore, it is expected that the introduction of infiltrated blood vessels into the organoid might further pump vitality and credibility into the system. While the field is emerging and growing with new concepts and methodologies, this review aims at presenting various sources of vascular ingredients for constructing vascularized organoids and the paired methodology including de- and recellularization, bioprinting, and microfluidics. Representative vascular organoids corresponding to specific tissues are also summarized and discussed to elaborate on the next generation of organoid development.

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