Control of a conventional converter station which uses a three-phase controlled bridge for converting AC to DC and vice-versa is achieved by fast-acting control of the valve firing angles. Tap-changers which are fitted on the converter transformer provide a near constant AC voltage input to the bridge to correct relatively slow changes of AC voltage. This paper describe a modification of the conventional bridge circuit, using by-pass valves connected to tapping points on the secondary winding of the transformer. This scheme permits a wide range of voltage control with a reduction in both the harmonic generation and the reactive voltampere absorption, and possibly eliminates the need for an on-load tap-changer on the converter transformer. Experimental results on a laboratory model compare well with the predicted values.

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An approach is described in this work for detecting discomfort moments during electrical water heater daily usage. The approach employs chromatic analyzing sensors signals of electrical water heater systems for producing distinguishable mapping to characterize and identify selected discomfort moments. The preliminary results obtained indicate that it is possible to distinguish such events in a non-intrusive approach.Hot water comfort detection and classification intelligently through human behavior monitoring and analyses plays an important role in both, energy saving and energy management.The focus is on recording the discomfort situations followed by merging system outcomes with efficiency evaluation will be used to provide helpful recommendations for selecting appropriate operating strategy.