Graphene family nanomaterials, with superior mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, have grabbed appreciable attention on the path of researches seeking new materials for future biomedical applications. Although potential applications of graphene had been highly reviewed in other fields of medicine, especially for their antibacterial properties and tissue regenerative capacities, in vivo and in vitro studies related to dentistry are very limited. Therefore, based on current knowledge and latest progress, this article aimed to present the recent achievements and provide a comprehensive literature review on potential applications of graphene that could be translated into clinical reality in dentistry.

Objective: To describe a method to fabricate donor tooth replica to assist surgeons in preparation of recipient socket during tooth autotransplantation. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 compromised molars in 27 patients were transplanted with third molars using computer-aided rapid prototyping (CARP) technique. Surgery time and extra-alveolar time were documented. Postoperatively, the distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was measured. The degree of postoperative pain experienced was assessed with visual analog scale at day 1, 3, and 7. Results: From 28 clinical cases, the average extra-alveolar time and surgery time were 2.5 minutes (±1.3) and 44 minutes (±6.8), respectively. Postoperatively, the average distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was 0.87 mm (±0.15) at the mesial-cervix, 0.95 mm (±0.17) at the distal-cervix, 0.88 mm (±0.18) at the buccal-cervix, and 0.95 mm (±0.13) at the lingual-cervix. The value of visual analog scale score significantly decreased from day 1 to day 3. Conclusions: CARP is a reliable technique for fabrication of tooth like surgical replicas in conventional autotransplantation. Clinical Significance: CARP technique minimized extra-oral time, reduced iatrogenic damage, and consequently increased the survival rate of tooth autotransplantation. K E Y W O R D S digital dentistry, endodontics, laboratory technology, oral surgery, pain

Objectives: Our previous studies showed that strontium (Sr)-modified sand-blasted, large grit, acid etched titanium surface (Sr-SLA) is beneficial for osseointegration; however, the supporting mechanisms have not been explored in detail.

The element free Galerkin method (EFG) is much interest in recent years due to its merits of only node information needed in constructing shape functions and high precision. However, its low computational efficiency becomes a technical issue in the simulation of realistic problems. To develop a more efficient and accurate method, the point interpolation method using quadratically consistent three-point integration scheme (PIM-QC3) is proposed, based on consistency framework for meshfree nodal shape function and its derivatives. And the shape functions along with corrected nodal derivatives at integration points, adopt quadratic basis, meet the differentiation of the approximation consistency (DAC) and the discrete divergence consistency (DDC). In addition, they possess Kronecker delta property and could enforce displacement boundary conditions simply. The T6-Scheme is utilized for node selection in constructing approximation, to avoid the singular moment matrix and make the computation of shape functions simple. Numerical results show the excellence of the proposed method in accuracy and efficiency of all tested methods. Specially, it is more efficient than three-point integration scheme based on element-free Galerkin method. The research in this paper could provide an efficient and reliable tool for analysis of engineering structure.

Background: Several clinical trials have recently been conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of photofunctionalization. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the clinical effects of photofunctionalization on implant stability and marginal bone loss (MBL). Methods: An electronic search in four databases and a manual search were conducted in September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical controlled trials (CCTs), and cohort and case-control studies evaluating the effects of photofunctionalization on implant stability or marginal bone loss (MBL) in humans were included. The methodological quality assessment using RoB 2.0 and the ROBINS-I tool was performed based on different study designs. Results: Seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis, and five of them were chosen for a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that photofunctionalization significantly improved the stability of the implant 2 months after implantation (p = 0.04; MD = 3.48; 95% CI = −0.23 to 6.73) and increased the osseointegration speed index (OSI) (p = 0.007; MD = 2.13; 95% CI = 0.57 to 3.68). However, no significant improvements of implant stability were observed 2 weeks (p = 0.62), 4 weeks (p = 0.31), nor 4 months (p = 0.24) after implantation. The evaluation presented no significant reductions in MBL. Conclusions: Based on the positive effect of photofunctionalization on the rate of establishing implant stability, photofunctionalization may provide an effective and practical strategy to achieve faster osseointegration and reduce the overall healing time. Photofunctionalization appears to improve the implant stability. However, the clinical effect of photofunctionalization on MBL remains unclear due to the shortage of available studies.