Suchánková M., Kapounová Z., Dofková M., Ruprich J., Blahová J., Kouřilová I. (2015): Selected fruits and vegetables: comparison of nutritional value and affordability. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 242-246.We compared subgroups of fruit and vegetables which provide the best nutritional value per unit cost. For this purpose, nutrient adequacy score and nutrient density score, based on the content of vitamins A, C, E, folate, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium, were calculated and subsequently complemented by food prices. The study was focused on elderly people over 65 years. The nutrient density score for vegetables was found significantly higher than that for fruit (P < 0.001), which implies that vegetables provide a higher amount of nutrients per energy unit. The highest nutrientto-price ratio was observed for carrot, savoy cabbage, head cabbage, pepper, kohlrabi, green peas, and potatoes. Our results can help consumers identify affordable nutrient-rich types of fruit and vegetables and maximise the nutrient-to-calorie ratio.
Adequate nutrition and the nutritional status of pregnant women are critical for the health of both the mother and the developing foetus. Research has shown a significant impact of nutrition on the child’s health and the future risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. There is currently no data on the level of nutritional knowledge of Czech pregnant women. This survey aimed to evaluate their level of nutritional knowledge and literacy. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two healthcare facilities in Prague and Pilsen between April and June 2022. An anonymous self-administered paper-form questionnaire for assessing the level of nutritional knowledge (40 items) and the Likert scale for assessing nutrition literacy (5 items) were used. A total number of 401 women completed the questionnaire. An individual’s nutritional knowledge score was calculated and compared with demographic and anamnestic characteristics using statistical methods. The results showed that only 5% of women achieved an overall nutritional score of 80% or more. University education (p < 0.001), living in the capital city (p < 0.001), experiencing first pregnancy (p = 0.041), having normal weight and being overweight (p = 0.024), and having NCDs (p = 0.044) were statistically significantly associated with a higher nutritional knowledge score. The lowest knowledge scores were found in the areas of optimal energy intake, optimal weight gain, and the role of micronutrients in diet during pregnancy. In conclusion, the study shows limited nutrition knowledge of Czech pregnant women in some areas of nutrition. Increasing nutritional knowledge and nutrition literacy in Czech pregnant women is crucial for supporting their optimal course of pregnancy and the future health of their offspring.
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64HYGIENA § § 59(2) § 64-70 PŮVODNÍ PRÁCE SOUHRNSelen, který tvoří významnou komponentu řady enzymů, je pro lidský organizmus esenciálním prvkem. Jeho nedostatečný pří-vod má vliv na funkčnost prakticky všech tkání. Cílem naší práce bylo stanovit distribuci obvyklého přívodu selenu stravou, porovnat zjištěné hodnoty s výživovými doporučeními a stanovit nejvýznamnější expoziční zdroje selenu v české dietě. K tomuto úče-lu byla využita aktuální data o obsahu selenu v potravinách (2010/2011), která byla čerpána z výsledků projektu sledování dietární expozice realizovaného v rámci programu Monitoringu zdraví a životního prostředí. Údaje o spotřebě potravin byly pořízeny v ná-rodní Studii individuální spotřeby potravin (SISP 04) uskutečněné v letech 2003-2004 na reprezentativním vzorku populace Čes-ké republiky (2590 mužů a žen ve věku 4-90 let). Pro každou osobu ve výběru byl vypočten aktuální přívod selenu a následně byla určena distribuce obvyklého přívodu v definovaných skupinách populace. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že ve skupinách dětí (4-14 let), dospívajících a dospělých mužů (15-59 let) se jeví přívod selenu stravou u většiny osob jako dostatečný. Naopak nejvíce rizikový-mi skupinami z hlediska nízkého přívodu selenu byly dospívající dívky (15-17 let), dospělé ženy (≥ 18 let) a starší muži (věk 60 let a více). Přibližně u 60 % dospívajících žen a 75 % dospělých žen neodpovídal zjištěný přívod selenu doporučeným hodnotám. Dietární zdroje selenu se lišily v závislosti na věku a pohlaví, obecně však převažovaly zdroje živočišné, které tvořily přibližně 70 % z celkového přívodu. Vyšší přívod selenu běžnou stravou by bylo možné zajistit především vyšší konzumací mořských ryb a rybích výrobků, které představují bohatý a v naší populaci stále v nízké míře přijímaný zdroj selenu.Klíčová slova: selen, dietární expozice, Česká republika SUMMARY Selenium is an essential element and component of many enzymes in the human organism. Deficiency can affect the function of virtually all tissues. The main objective of this article is to present the distribution of usual selenium intake in the Czech population, to compare the obtained values with available dietary recommendations and to determine the most important dietary sources of selenium. For this purpose current analytical data (2010/2011) on the selenium content in foodstuffs from the project of Environmental health monitoring in the Czech Republic and data on food consumption originated from the national survey SISP 04 (Study of individual food consumption) were used. SISP 04 was carried out between 2003-2004 on a representative sample of the Czech population (2,590 men and women aged 4-90 years). Actual intake of selenium was calculated for each subject in the sample and subsequently usual intake distributions were estimated in defined population subgroups. The results indicated that selenium intake appears to be sufficient in groups of children (4-14 years) and young and adult men (15-59 years). Population groups with increased risk of low selenium intake were identified a...
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