Background and aimsCompulsive buying (CB) is a behavioral addiction that is conceptualized as an obsessive–compulsive and impulsive–control disorder. The Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale (RCBS), a six-item self-reporting instrument that has been validated worldwide, was developed based on this theoretical background. This study aimed to adapt RCBS to the Chinese population (RCBS-TC) to guide future national and international prevalence studies.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the forward and backward translation of RCBS, the content and face validation of the RCBS, and the evaluation of its translation adequacy. Phase 2 involved the psychometric testing of RCBS-TC for its internal consistency, stability, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsIn Phase 1, RCBS-TC obtained satisfactory item-level (I-CVI = 83.3%–100%) and scale-level content validity index (CVI/AVE = 97.2%), comprehensibility (100%), and translation adequacy [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.858]. In Phase 2, based on data collected from 821 adults, RCBS-TC demonstrated a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .88; corrected item-total correlation coefficients = 0.61–0.78) 2-week test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.82 based on 61 university students). For construct validation, the CFA results indicated that the corrected first-order two-factor models were acceptable with the same goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 8.56, CFI = 0.99, NFI = 0.98, IFI = 0.99, and RMSEA = 0.09). The 2-week test–retest reliability of RCBS-TC (n = 61) was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.82).Discussion and conclusionsThis methodological study adopted appropriate and stringent procedures to ensure that the translation and validation of RCBS-TC was of quality. The results indicate that this scale has a satisfactory reliability and validity for the Chinese population.

When do third parties, individuals who are not the direct target of an act of mistreatment, choose to intervene or abstain from addressing abusive supervision on behalf of a target? Despite progress on understanding the causes and outcomes of abusive supervision, little research examines third-party reactions, and even less devotes attention to contextual factors that shape observer reactions. Given that supervisor-subordinate interactions are situated within and influenced by the broader environment that shapes individuals’ interpersonal relationships and work experiences, this oversight is critical to understanding when observers of abusive supervision choose to intervene on behalf of victims. Drawing from Opotow’s (1995) moral exclusion theory, this study investigates the implications of perceived utility in relation to a victim’s performance and status relative to the supervisor. To narrow the gap between an observer’s intended actions and actual behaviour towards addressing perceived mistreatment, this study introduces the use of facilitated feedback as a protective mechanism against the perceived status differences and risks of retaliation that may deter from expressing supervisory concerns. Through conducting a scenario laboratory experiment among 240 undergraduate students, this study offers practical insights and research implications into the contextual mechanisms that either facilitate or hinder confrontational responses towards abusive supervisors.

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