ObjectivesIndividuals working in blue-collar occupations experience high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the characteristics and efficacy of behavioural interventions that have targeted CVD risk factors in this high-risk group.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched seven databases to find interventions focused on changing the following: blood pressure, cholesterol, diet, physical activity, smoking or weight. Eligible studies tested a behavioural intervention (not exclusively policy, environmental, or pharmaceutical), in individuals working in blue-collar occupations using a randomised study design. Study quality was evaluated using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s study quality assessment tool.Results22 studies evaluating 31 interventions were included: 11 were rated as ‘good’ or ‘fair’ quality. Intervention intensity ranged from a single contact via a mailed letter to studies that included individual-level contacts at multiple time points between staff and participants. Studies that included at least some individual contact generally yielded the greatest effects. Interventions had the greatest observed effects on self-report changes in diet, regardless of intervention intensity. Four of the five higher quality studies that explicitly tailored the intervention to the occupational group were successful at reducing at least one risk factor.ConclusionsInterventions that used individual contact and tailored the intervention to the occupational setting yielded the greatest effects on CVD risk-factor reduction in individuals working in blue-collar occupations. Generally, studies were low quality but showed promising effects for reaching this high-risk population. Future work should incorporate these promising findings in higher quality studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019136183.

Across eight experiments, the present article examined the influence of the number of part-set cues on order retention, as assessed by both reconstruction of order and serial recall tests. Historically, part-set cueing facilitation occurs when half of the items are provided as valid part-set cues on tests of order memory. Using a variety of list lengths (10, 12, 16), numbers of cues (0-14), and types of cues (full or partial), the present experiments showed disparate effects of the number of part-set cues on reconstruction and serial recall tasks. On reconstruction tests, a minimum number of full cues was required before part-set cueing facilitation was produced and the magnitude of facilitation increased as the number of cues increased. Generally, partial cues did not influence order retention until almost the entire list was provided as partial cues. On serial recall tests, part-set cueing facilitation was only evident with a few full cues. In contrast, part-set cueing impairment was the norm when many partial cues were provided. These results were largely consistent with predictions of the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis, as well as with an anchoring account of part-set cueing for order.

Background: Obesity may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, primarily through mechanisms of increased inflammation. BMI is the most commonly used measure of adiposity; however, it may less accurately measure adiposity in Black populations, highlighting the need for biomarkers of inflammation to evaluate risk. Herein, we investigate the associations between BMI, albumin as a biomarker of inflammation, and CRC risk. Methods: Participant data arise from 71,141 participants of the Southern Community Cohort Study, of which 724 were diagnosed with incident CRC; 69% of the cohort are Black, and 56% have household income <$15,000. A subset of 277 cases and 642 controls had serum albumin concentration measured from blood samples taken at enrollment. Controls were selected through incidence density sampling of the cohort and individually matched to cases by age, sex, and race. Cox proportional hazards were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between BMI and CRC risk. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs for associations between albumin concentrations and CRC risk. WHO categories of BMI and albumin concentration tertiles determined through the control’s distribution were used. Results: Participants with underweight (<18.5) compared to normal (18.5-24.9) BMI had increased CRC risk (HR:1.69, 95%CI:0.95-2.98). Null associations were observed between overweight and obese BMI and CRC risk compared to normal BMI participants. Associations between BMI and CRC risk did not vary by sex or race (p-interactions>0.05). Albumin concentration was lower in Black participants and inversely associated with CRC risk (per-standard-deviation increase: OR:0.86, 95%CI:0.74,0.99). Associations were most apparent in participants who self-identified as Black race (OR 0.81, 95%CI:0.68,0.97), or female (OR:0.80, 95%CI:0.65,0.98). There was no evidence that albumin mediated the association between BMI and CRC risk, however BMI modified the association between albumin and CRC (BMI <30: OR: 0.90 95%CI:0.73,1.11; BMI ≥30: OR:0.75, 95%CI:0.60,0.95; p-interaction=0.07). Conclusions: Our results support the role of an inflammatory mechanism to increase CRC risk. The null associations between overweight and obese BMI with CRC risk displays the limited predictive utility of BMI in Black populations. Lower albumin concentrations and increased inflammation in Black populations, particularly in the presence of increased adiposity, may represent a contributing factor to racial disparity in CRC incidence. Citation Format: Shaneda Warren Andersen, Zoe Walts, Ronni Brent, Lisa Parlato. Associations of BMI and albumin with colorectal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer; 2022 Oct 1-4; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A006.