Background: An excess deposition of fat around abdominal area leads to central obesity; increases the risk of many chronic diseases. Dietary patterns, physical inactivity, gender, ethnicity, economic, social and cultural factors are its contributing aspects. Objective: To assess the frequency of central obesity among middle aged adults, and to determine the relationship between central obesity and dietary patterns among middle aged adults. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study; 154 middle aged adults were collected via convenient sampling technique. Questionnaire included questions about anthropometric measurement and dietary history, with a combination of both closed and open ended questions, lastly data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 25. Results: 54.6% middle aged adults in targeted sample had central obesity; individuals who consumed more refined products, red meat, saturated fats, junk food, and desserts were more centrally obese as compared to those who consumed whole grains, lean meat, fruits, vegetables and unsaturated fats. Conclusion: Study concluded that females had higher frequency of central obesity as compared to males. There was strong association between central obesity and unhealthy eating patterns among middle aged adults; thus a need to provide knowledge regarding the concept of balanced diet in relation to good health is a core need.

Background: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is a syndrome identified in normal weight subjects (BMI <25 kg/m2) in whom fat stores are above the recommendations, as per WHO definitions (>20% for men and >30% for women). These individuals might be characterized by insulin resistance, as well as by hypertriglyceridemia and high blood pressure despite having a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2. The results of several studies have confirmed the relationship between an unhealthy diet and the occurrence of normal weight obesity, whereas “healthy” dietary patterns oppose its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Normal weight obesity in targeted population and to determine its association with dietary habits. Methods: It was a Cross-sectional study conducted on 125 young adults (15-24 years). The sample was taken from Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore via convenient sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire which included anthropometric data and dietary history. The body fat percentage of participants was calculated using the Deurenberg equation. Dietary history was collected using a food frequency chart. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results: Frequency of Normal weight obesity among individual with healthy body mass index was 28.8% i.e. consumption of white rice/bread, starchy vegetables, flavored milk, cheese, junk food and confectionary was excessive among participants with normal weight obesity. Conclusion: Study concluded a positive association (p-value <0.05) between healthy dietary habits and body fat status.

Background: Consumption of milk and milk products between 10-24 years of age is chief important; a crucial bone development age and during recent years consumption of milk and milk products had been decreased among young people. Current study was aimed to investigate the consumption of milk and milk products among young people of Pakistan. Methods: Study design was Cross-sectional; two hundred individuals aged 10-24 years were selected via convenient sampling. Self-structured questionnaire with a combination of closed and open ended questions was used for data collection. Results: Study provided that 152(76%) sample consumed milk once daily 298±234.90ml and 48(24%) did not consumed milk. Conclusion: Results concluded that the consumption of milk and milk products among young people was low as compared to the recommended dietary allowances; thus a need to provide knowledge regarding the importance of milk consumption to assist in reducing bone health disorders

Genetic makeup, gut microorganisms, autoimmunity and environmental factors are the major risk factors of ulcerative colitis; an inflammatory bowel disease. Because of its severe effects on nutritional status, this case was taken with an aim to improve the nutritional status; with dietary management. An 18 years old adolescent girl was presented to medicine ward of Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore with diagnosed ulcerative colitis and presently, she had the complaint of loose stools, nausea/vomiting, decreased appetite and micronutrient deficiencies. Patient’s regimen was formulated on the basis of all presenting complaints to overcome the worsening symptoms and to improve her nutritional status. Planned regimen helped patient in obtaining satisfactory results, her baseline markers and symptoms were compared with her latest ones for proper evaluation. In current case report, consumption of white bread, rice and tapioca pearls was recommended from bread and cereals and the consumption of whole grain or bran products was severely restricted. Use of fibrous vegetables or leafy vegetables was also restricted and the consumption of starchy vegetables was recommended to the patients from the vegetables group. Consumption of fruits without peel was recommended to patient; preferably to consume banana and apple sauce to prevent aggravation in gastrointestinal symptoms whereas the consumption of fruits with high fiber content was restricted. In current case study consumption of lactose free milk and yogurt was recommended to patient whereas consumption of lactose containing milk and milk products was restricted. Dietary management played a very significant role on her nutritional status; thus proper medical nutritional therapy along with lifestyle modification can help in managing ulcerative colitis.