Accounting conservatism and earning management are very much pervasive in financial reporting practices. Therefore, this research study aims to investigate the relationship between accounting conservatism and earning management by using a sample of 317 non-financial Pakistani firms consisting of 4204 firm-years over the period 1999-2013. Conservatism at the firm level is estimated by using the C-Score measure and earning management is observed by calculating discretionary accruals. The estimated results show that one fourth (86 firms) of the sample is highly conservative; out of these 76% (65 firms) showed least earning management (Earning management Q 3 ) and 29% (23 firms) showed earning management at a moderate level (Q 1

This study tests the relationship among operating leverage, profitability and financial leverage. Operating leverage boosts profitability and cuts down the optimal financial leverage of the firm. Therefore, operating leverage renders a negative relationship between profitability and financial leverage that is inconsistent with the static trade‐off theory. By considering WTO and using data of export manufacturing firms in China for the period 1990–2018, our results indicate that operating leverage and profitability have a positive relationship, and operating leverage is a central cause to create an inverse correlation between profitability and financial leverage when firm's revenue declines. In addition, operating and financial leverages have substitutions effect when the firm operating cost is quasi‐fixed. Furthermore, the firm's bankruptcy risk is linked with higher operating leverage. Our study suggests that firms should consider both operating and financial leverage to maximize their profitability because the preference of one leverage on the other increases bankruptcy risk, and operating leverage preference creates an inverse correlation between profitability and financial leverage.

This study corroborates the asymmetric and heterogeneous associations between clean energy intensity (CEI) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions among the world's top ten renewable energy consumer countries using quarterly data from 1970Q1 to 2018Q4. We quantify the complete dependence structure between CEI and CO2 at quantile distributions using a novel quantile-on-quantile (QQ) method proposed by Sim and Zhou (2015). Compared to classic approaches such as quantile regression and ordinary least squares, the QQ technique can provide more information on the overall relationship between CEI and CO2. Furthermore, we also seek to determine causal relationships between CEI and CO2 using a quantile Granger causality approach suggested by Troster. According to our empirical evidence, the link between the two variables is predominantly negative. Moreover, there are significant disparities across countries in the quantile ranges of CEI and CO2. In particular, there is a weak positive link between CEI and CO2 in the case of Sweden, Italy, Japan, and Australia, which may be because CEI has a minimal direct influence on CO2 in these countries. The empirical findings clarify that policymakers should fund renewable energy industries to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Purpose: The aims of this study to find the web disclosure as mediating role in the relationship between paradox of choice, investor experience, financial literacy and investment decision making.. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were obtained from the 200 respondents for recent empirical investigation. The structural equation model is employed for analyzing the data. Findings: The novel findings suggest that paradox of choice, investor experience, and financial literacy have direct positive effect on investment decision making. Moreover, the findings recommend that web disclosure acts as a mediator between paradox of choice, investor experience, financial literacy and investment decision making Implications/Originality/Value:  The novel findings recommend that an important policy implication of web information disclosure for the investor.