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The effect of foliar application of polyamines on roses (Rosa hybrida cv. ‘Herbert Stevens’) was investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Two factors were applied including polyamine type (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and polyamine concentration (0, 1, 2 and 4 mM). The recorded traits included root fresh and dry weight, root length, number of flowers, flower longevity, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) and some macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that among polyamines, putrescine had the greatest effect on root dry weight; spermidine showed the greatest effect on root length, chlorophyll content, plant phosphorus and spermine affected root fresh weight and flower longevity most strongly. Polyamine concentration of 1 mM had the strongest effect on flower longevity, carotenoids, nitrogen and phosphorus content. The highest potassium rate was observed in treatments with the concentration of 4 mM. Polyamine treatments had no significant effect on the number of flowers per plant and antioxidant enzymes.

In this study, a simple and reliable regeneration and acclimatization protocol for Carum copticum has been presented. This protocol can be found very advantageous for a variety of purposes, including mass multiplication of Carum species, medicinal plant breeding studies and transgenic plant production.

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Objective This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spray of polyamines on some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose. Materials and methods Experimental variants involved the type (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and concentration (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM) of polyamines. In this research, the plant height, number of leaves and shoots, leaf area and thickness, fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem, the content of anthocyanin, soluble sugar, phenol and antioxidant capacity were measured 2 weeks after the end of experiment. Results Results indicated that among all polyamine types, putrescine has the highest effect on the morphological characteristics. Among different concentrations of polyamines, the concentration of 1 mM resulted in the highest increase in shoot fresh and dry weight. Putrescine application at 2 mM and 4 mM concentrations increased soluble sugar content. In the present study, polyamine treatment reduced the content of anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant capacity. Conclusions It can be cocluded that application of polyamines improved some morphological and physiological traits in various ways.