The aim: To evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health literacy and to find possible differences based on the demographic characteristics of the participants. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample from the Greek general population (n=203). The questionnaires were distributed through the Google Forms platform, while some of them were given on hand. The questionnaire used included demographic information, questions about the participants’ health status and nutrition habits and the Health Literacy Scale (HLS - EU-Q16) and the MedDietScore. The survey was conducted June – July 2022. The program SPSS v. 26.0 was used for the analysis of data. Results: The mean score in HLS-EU-Q16 was 12.08 (SD=4.17) (15.8%=inadequate level, 30% =problematic level, 54.2%=sufficient level). The mean score in Med DietScore was 31.54 (SD=4.84) and the majority (72.4%) had medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Concerning the HLS-EU-Q16, women and those who had not children, were not patients and used the Internet for finding health information had higher score. In contrast, widows/ers and those with elementary education had lower score. With regard to the Med DietScore, those who were patients and had normal weight had higher score than the rest categories. A negative correlation was found between age-HLS-EU-Q16 (r=-.605, p<.01) and between BMI-Med DietScore (r=-.142, p<.05). Conclusions: Most of the participants had sufficient level of health literacy and medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Furthermore, there was not a significant correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health literacy. Several demographic and medical characteristics impact the health literature level and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Future research is suggested to further evaluate the results of this study.