No abstract

Complexation of desferrioxamine B (DFB) model dihydroxamic acids (HO(CH3)NCO(CH2)xCONH(CH2)yCON(CH3)OH where x = 2, 3, y = 5, 4, 3, 2, and the compounds are abbreviated as 2,5-DIHA, 2,4-DIHA, 2,3-DIHA, 2,2-DIHA, 3,4-DIHA and 3,3-DIHA, respectively) with Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) was studied by pH-potentiometric and spectroscopic (UV-VIS, NMR and ESI-MS) techniques. The effects of the position of the peptide group, the chain length and the geometry on the stability and stoichiometry of the complexes formed were evaluated. It was concluded that metal ions preferring regular octahedral geometry in their complexes form the most stable bis-chelated mononuclear complexes, [ML], with 2,5-DIHA having the same connecting chain structure and length as those of DFB. This benefit of 2,5-DIHA, however, almost disappears in the case of Cu(II). With this metal, which prefers the equatorial coordination of two hydroxamates, the parallel formation of both [CuL] and [Cu2L2] was found. ESI-MS results indicate that the latter complex is exclusively formed with 2,2-DIHA involving the shortest linker. All these dihydroxamic acids are excellent chelating agents for Pb(II). The special geometry determined by the lone pair electrons should be responsible for the somewhat unique preference order of the ligands towards the Pb(II) ion, for the favoured formation of the monomeric bis-chelated complexes and also for the unexpectedly high stability of the species [Pb(2,2-DIHA)].

Purpose The aim of our study was validating Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) among pregnant women, who are vulnerable to eating disorders (EDs). Methods In 2012–2013, 1146 women (aged 18–47 years) completed a questionnaire including EDI during the first 3 days after delivery. We checked factorial validity of three diagnostic subscales of EDI with confirmative factor analysis and internal validity by Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation. We also tested discriminative validity by comparing average of the three subscale of EDI in case of ED and non-ED groups. Results When applying the EDI to pregnant women, it seems necessary to exclude five items on three diagnostic subscales: on the Drive for Thinness subscale, 4 items remain (out of 7); on the Bulimia subscale, 6 items remain (out of 7); the Body Dissatisfaction subscale decreases from 9 to 8 items. Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation values meet the requirements defined by Garner et al. The internal consistency of the EDI has proved to be appropriate, indicating that it is a reliable screening tool. Conclusions Thinking, attitudes, and behaviors connected to eating, along with the relation to altering body weight change during pregnancy. Vomiting usually accompanies pregnancy; body weight gain within wide limits is also regarded as normal during pregnancy. These behaviors and changes are not feasible to use for measuring ED symptoms. These aspects cannot be neglected when screening eating disorders in pregnant women. Level of evidence Level IV evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without an intervention.