The effects of various input parameters on the warpage of strip were investigated and discussed. Three theoretical techniques, including virtual layers method (VLM), energy balance method (EBM), and finite element method (FEM), were adopted to evaluate the distributions of plastic strain, temperature, and stress of the strip, respectively. The longitudinal residual warpage can then be calculated accordingly. It was found that the cooling condition in cooling section plays a key role on the residual warpage of strip, which is possibly to be controlled within an accepted range by applying a suitable cooling scheme in this section.
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