A pair of enantiomeric ligands, (2R,3R)‐dibenzyl‐2,3‐bis(isonicotinoyloxy)succinate ((R,R)‐L) and (2S,3S)‐dibenzyl‐2,3‐bis(isonicotinoyloxy)succinate ((S,S)‐L), are designed and synthesized. Seven copper (II) coordination polymers {[Cu((R,R)‐L)Br2(THF)] ⋅ CH3CN} n (1 a) and {[Cu((S,S)‐L)Br2(THF)] ⋅ CH3CN}n (1 b), {[Cu((R,R)‐L)Cl2(THF)] ⋅ CH3CN}n (2 a) and {[Cu((S,S)‐L)Cl2(THF)] ⋅ CH3CN}n (2 b), {[Cu((R,R)‐L)(NO3)2(CH3CN)]}n (3 a) and {[Cu((S,S)‐L)(NO3)2(CH3CN)]}n (3 b), {[Cu((R,R)‐L)2(CH3CN)2](ClO4)2 ⋅ 3CH3CN}n (4) were obtained through the assemblies with CuBr2, CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O, Cu(NO3)2 ⋅ 3H2O, Cu(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O, respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and circular dichroism analysis demonstrate that 1 a–3 a, 1 b–3 b have a mono chiral one‐dimensional (1D) chain‐like spiral structure, while 4 have 1D chain‐like structure whose metal centers have chiral propeller coordination environment. Ligand structure, anions and solvent systems have a regulatory effect on the formation of chiral helical structure. Further investigation has proved that 1 a can be used as circular dichroism spectrum probe for monitoring L‐/D‐cysteine and L‐/D‐penicillamine configuration and concentration in aqueous media based on ligand interchange mechanism.