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and to point out its various advantages, we have included many real control system examples such as: F-8 aircraft, L-l 0 11 fighter aircraft, fluid catalytic cracker, twelve plate absorption column, magnetic tape control system, power system composed of two interconnected areas, distillation column, steam power system, hydro power plant, chemical plants, gas absorber, supported beam control problem, induction motor drives (bilinear model), large space structure, optimal control of a paper making machine (bilinear model), satellite control problem, and synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus.The authors hope that this book will reduce some of barriers that exist in recognizing the power and usefulness of the synchronous parallel algorithms for optimal control of large scale linear and bilinear systems, and that it will help to broaden their implementation in practice. Also, we hope that this book will motivate some researchers to develop the corresponding asynchronous parallel algorithms and extend the presented results to nonlinear control systems.The authors are thankful for support and contributions from Professors V.

SUMMARY The dynamic process by which nuclear RNAi engages a transcriptionally active target, before the repressive state is stably established, remains largely a mystery. Here, we found that the onset of exogenous dsRNA-induced nuclear RNAi in C. elegans is a transgenerational process, and it requires a putative histone methyltransferase (HMT), SET-32. By developing a CRISPR-based genetic approach, we found that silencing establishment at the endogenous targets of germline nuclear RNAi also requires SET-32. Although SET-32 and two H3K9 HMTs, MET-2 and SET-25, are dispensable for the maintenance of silencing, they do contribute to transcriptional repression in mutants that lack the germline nuclear Argonaute protein HRDE-1, suggesting a conditional role of heterochromatin in the maintenance phase. Our study indicates that (1) establishment and maintenance of siRNA-guided transcriptional repression are two distinct processes with different genetic requirements and (2) the rate- limiting step of the establishment phase is a transge-nerational, chromatin-based process.