One of the risk factors for vascular obstetric complications, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is inherited thrombophilias. Nevertheless, routine screening for thrombophilias is not endorsed in pregnant women due to their low prevalence and conflicting results of published studies regarding the usefulness of screening in these patients. The cause of IUGR remains unknown in almost 1 quarter of cases. There are no published studies evaluating the association of inherited thrombophilias and IUGR in patients with IUGR of unknown origin. Understanding and preventing IUGR is an important public health concern, as IUGR has been associated with fetal mortality and neonatal morbidity, as well as adverse long-standing consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of inherited thrombophilias in IUGR of unknown cause and to test the association between the inherited thrombophilias and IUGR of unknown cause.This study included 33 cases of IUGR of unknown cause tested for inherited thrombophilias and 66 controls individually matched for age, ethnicity, and smoking status.Patients with plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) had significantly higher odds for IUGR of unknown cause (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively) with OR 13.546 (CI 95% 3.79–48.37) and 8.139 (CI 95% 2.20–30.10), respectively. A positive association between other inherited thrombophilias (homozygous 20210 prothrombin gene mutation and homozygous factor V Leiden) and IUGR of unknown cause was also found, P = .096, OR 6.106 (CI 95% 0.72–51.30), although it was not statistically significant (P = .096, OR = 6.106, CI 95% 0.72–51.30).Our results indicate that PAI-1 and MTHFR thrombophilias represent risk factors for IUGR of otherwise unidentified cause.

Introduction Contraception is the most favourable method of family planning. Prevention of unwanted pregnancy has great significance, both as a measure of health preservation and as a wider preventive and social measure. Objective to evaluate how informed the adolescents are when it comes to contraception, as well as to evaluate their personal experiences. Methods the research was conducted in the form of a cross-sectional study. The research instrument was a questionnaire the adolescents were asked to fill, which contained questions constructed to assess how well they were informed about the importance of contraception as well as their personal experiences. The study included 120 students and the sample was intentional, as the study was conducted at the Faculty of Health and Business Studies in Valjevo, Singidunum University in April-May 2019. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous, and the research was approved by the authorities of the institution. Results the results were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. The respondents were between 19 and 23 years of age and predominantly female (83%), while only 17% were male. The majority of the respondents were well informed on the subject of mechanical contraception methods and the use of condoms. The condom was the most commonly used method of contraception during sexual intercourse (63%). A large number of respondents (40%) believed that adolescents could do with more information on the subject. Conclusion the research results indicate that there is a need for more education on the subject of the importance and methods of contraception. It is necessary to intensify health education in cooperation with health institutions, schools, higher education institutions and the entire community. This need is felt by the adolescents themselves, who believe that their peers do not know enough about contraception.

Introduction Nutrition has a great impact on the health potential of young people. It is very important to analyze aspects of adolescent nutrition in a timely manner, in order to identify potential health risks. Objectives The aim of the study is to examine adolescents' eating habits and attitudes toward obesity. Methods 370 students from the Valjevo Medical School, Western Serbia, participated in the study. The survey was designed as a cross-sectional study, using the questionnaire whose first part was related to demographic characteristics of participants, the second part of the instrument examined eating habits, while the third part dealt with obesity, using the AFA obesity scale. Scale performance was tested by Cronbach's Alpha test (a = .78). Results The results showed that the majority of the subjects were eating properly and without skipping meals. It was worrying that the consumption of sweets and sodas was high. Females stated in large numbers that they disliked obese people. Most of the differences between healthy and unhealthy habits come from the living environment and parental level of education. Conclusions The transition years have brought some irregular eating habits in the adolescent population, more education is needed to maintain a healthy life.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a specific period of a woman's life in which she should pay special attention to her health potential. Certain health risks, such as drug abuse during pregnancy, can have fatal consequences for the outcome of pregnancy and the health of women and newborns. Drugs are classified into several categories according to their risk of harm to the fetus. The classification of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is most often used, which is the purpose of drugs in the categories for pets (A, B, C, D, H). Aim: Examine the information and personal experiences of pregnant women regarding the use of drugs in pregnancy. Methods: The research was conducted in the form of cross-sectional studies. As a research instrument, a questionnaire for pregnant women was constructed, which assesses their level of information about aspects of drug use in pregnancy, as well as personal experiences. The study included a sample of 60 pregnant women, the sample was intentional, the study was conducted at the Jokić Polyclinic, in the period January-June 2020. Participation in the studies was voluntary and anonymous, the research was approved by the competent authorities of the institution. Results: The subjects in the observed sample were pregnant women aged 21 to 35 years. The majority of pregnant women are uninformed about the use of drugs during pregnancy. The most commonly used drugs in pregnancy are antibiotics. A large number of respondents believe that gynecologists and pharmacists should inform pregnant women more on this topic. Descriptive statistics methods were used in the analysis of the results. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate the need for a higher level of education on the safe use of drugs in pregnancy. It is necessary to intensify health education work in cooperation with health institutions of all levels. This need is also felt by pregnant women who feel that they do not know enough about this topic.

To achieve a better reconstruction of the uterus, it is recommended to use sutures with laparoscopic removal of myoma.