Surveillance of a few easily assessed household characteristics provides an accurate, rapid assessment of house-level variation in risk. Measured effect sizes for specific structural characteristics could be used to maximize the cost-effectiveness of programmes to reduce vector infestation and interrupt Chagas disease transmission by improving house quality.
The performance of 4 serological tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease was evaluated in Santander, Colombia, a region still presenting active transmission. Serum samples from 638 individuals were submitted to an enzyme immunoassay test (EIA), using total lysate of a local Trypanosoma cruzi strain and 52.5% were positive (335/638). A subset of this group (94 positive individuals and 90 seronegatives) was randomly selected for further serological confirmation. Three additional tests were used--indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and 2 distinct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using total lysate of the Y strain (EIA BM) and a mixture of 2 recombinant antigens (EIA RA). Seventy-nine patients were seropositive in all tests (84.0%-79/94). The number of positive sera with the IIF, EIA RA and EIA BM was 84/94 (89.4%), 80/94 (85.1%) and 79/94 (84.0%), respectively. In 15 out of the 94 EIA seropositive patients (16.0%), 10 individuals were negative in all 3 tests (10.6%-10/94). One was negative in the EIA BM and positive in the other two tests (1.1%-1/94) and 4 patients were positive, solely, in the IIF assay (4.3%-4/94). Relative to the 90 EIA negative individuals, 89 were confirmed in all other tests (98.9%-89/90). One individual, although seronegative in the IIF, was positive in both confirmatory EIA tests (1.1%-1/90). In addition, 120 blood specimens were submitted to PCR amplification. This group consisted of 79 confirmed seropositive cases, 16 individuals with discordant serological results and 25 validated seronegative individuals. The PCR was able to detect the presence of parasite DNA in 67 out of the 79 seropositive patients (84.8%), in 8 individuals with discordant serology (50.0%) and in only one seronegative individual (4.0%). The results pointed to the necessity for performing more than one serological test, preferentially with antigens from autochthonous strains, to achieve a reliable diagnosis of Chagas disease in Colombia.
Introducción. Trypanosoma cruzi es el agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas, el cual puede ser transmitido por diferentes vías. A partir de 2005 la transmisión oral se incrementó en aquellos países donde la enfermedad es considerada endémica por transmisión vectorial. Colombia no se aparta de esta tendencia, situación que motivó la alerta epidemiológica, buscando la necesidad de encontrar explicación a la infección oral de la parasitosis. Objetivo. Establecer registros del tiempo de supervivencia de la cepa DS de T. cruzi, usando los jugos implicados en el brote del municipio de Lebrija (Santander) en el 2008. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la supervivencia según el conjunto de criterios de vitalidad (movimiento progresivo) y viabilidad (aislamiento en medio de cultivo Novy, McNeal y Nicolle/infusión de hígado y triptosa) de la cepa DS de T. cruzi caracterizada molecularmente como Tcla, aislada de un paciente del brote del municipio de Aguachica (Cesar), en jugos de mandarina, de guayaba y de guanábana, en agua y en agua con azúcar. Resultados. La cepa DS de T. cruzi se mantuvo vital en jugo de mandarina 72 horas a temperatura ambiente y luego de 36 horas de refrigeración; en jugo de guanábana, 48 horas a temperatura ambiente, y 384 horas en refrigeración, y, en jugo de en guayaba, 24 horas en las dos temperaturas. Esta cepa fue viable 2 y 24 horas después de la contaminación de cada uno de los jugos a las temperaturas estudiadas. Conclusiones. La cepa DS de T. cruzi sobrevivió en todas las bebidas por más de 24 horas después de la contaminación y se observó un tiempo de supervivencia de 384 horas a temperatura de refrigeración en el jugo de guanábana.
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