Carbon nanodots are a recently discovered sort of carbon nanoparticles, demonstrating excellent fluorescence and physical-chemical properties that make them appealing for diagnostics and chemotherapeutics, including biosensing, bioimaging, and nanocarriers for drug delivery ground-breaking therapeutic agents in photothermal and photodynamic therapy. This critical review strongly focuses on the varied sorts of processes involved in the synthesis of carbon nanodots alongside the benefits and shortcomings. Furthermore, the multiple applications of carbon nanodots are established and used to develop potential theranostic nanoarchitectures. This review paper analyses with a discussion focusing on the discovery, synthesis processes, and diverse biomedical applications.

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The objective of this study was the assessment of antioxidant and cytotoxic activity from Tanacetum dolicophyllum. Soxhlet extraction has been used for preparing plant extracts for which five solvents have been used, i.e., Petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Proteins, tannins, phlobatannins, amino acids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and phenols were detected in the sample extracts. In the phytochemical screening of plant extracts, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract show the best results which further leads to the investigation of antioxidant activity. Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Reducing Power assay, and Phosphomolybdenum assays were performed to estimate antioxidant activity. In the RPA and TAC, the absorbance of sample extracts increases as there is an increase in concentration. In DPPH and FRAP assay, ethyl acetate showed good results. DPPH assay for ethyl acetate extract with 172.73(µg/ml) and ethanolic extract with 171.07(µg/ml) of IC50 values. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest antioxidant activity. The MTT assay was used to investigate the anticancer activity. The MTT assay discovered that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest anticancer activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 75 µg/mL as compared to a normal cell line J774A. Several compounds present in the extract of ethyl acetate acted as anticancer and contributed to cytotoxic activity.

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