Absztrakt: Bevezetés: Az ülő életmód nemcsak számos krónikus betegség, valamint a multimorbiditás kockázatát növeli, de az idős személyek hamarabb elveszítik funkcionális önállóságukat is. Az ülő életmód csökkentését célzó intézkedések megtervezéséhez fontos az ülő életmóddal kapcsolatos tényezők ismerete. Célkitűzés: Leírni az ülő tevékenységek formáit és időtartamát, továbbá az ülő életmóddal kapcsolatban álló szociodemográfiai, egészségi, valamint életmódbeli tényezőket a fővárosban és vonzáskörzetében lévő idősotthonokban élő, járásképes idős emberek körében. Módszer: A kutatásban részt vevő 248 személy körében kérdőívvel felvett adatainkat logisztikus regresszióval elemeztük. Eredmények: Az ülő életmód összesen 159 személyre, a minta 64,1%-ára volt jellemző. Mintánkban az ülő életmóddal a dohányzás, az időskorra jellemző krónikus betegségek száma, az intézményben élés időtartama és a járási segédeszköz használata mutatott összefüggést. Következtetés: Azokra az idősotthonban élő idős emberekre jellemző az ülő életmód, akik több krónikus betegségben szenvednek, régebben költöztek be az intézménybe, és dohányoznak. Ezért a vezető döntéshozó pozícióban dolgozó diplomás szakembereknek elsősorban az ő körükben kell erőfeszítéseket tenniük az ülő életmód megváltoztatására: tájékoztatással, felvilágosítással, érdeklődésüknek és állapotuknak megfelelő programok felkínálásával. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(28): 1175–1180.
Purpose Falls in older age are the result of the interaction of several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Risk factors for falls may vary in frequency not only in different economic and cultural contexts but also in different forms of care services among the older population. The aim of the present cross-sectional descriptive observational study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for falls among older ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward in Hungary. Material/Methods Data associated with risk factors for falls, such as age, sex, chronic physical and mental illness, acute illness, incontinence, history of falls, balance and gait disorder, and visual impairment, were collected from 82 participants. The frequency of these risk factors in our sample was compared with their prevalence in the elderly population living at home — based on data available in the literature and statistical databases — using chi-square tests. Results Our results show that the prevalence of hypertension, cerebrovascular events, dementia and diabetes are significantly higher in the elderly population in chronic inpatient care than in the elderly population living at home. There is also a significantly higher prevalence of balance disorders and the use of sedatives/sleeping pills/neuroleptics in the studied population. Cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease are equally prevalent in both populations. Conclusions In the case of many of the patients admitted to chronic inpatient care, there is a real chance that their physical condition will improve or stabilise to the point where they can return to their own homes or be moved to a nursing home. This kind of rehabilitation approach to chronic inpatient care would require many more qualified nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dietitians and social workers than are currently available.
Purpose Reduced functional mobility is a risk factor for falls. The Timed Up and Go test is a complex measurement tool for functional mobility. Our aims were to assess the functional mobility of: (a) community-living elderly who were participating in an exercise programme (n = 40; mean age = 73.7 years), (b) community-living elderly who were physically inactive (n = 40; mean age = 74.1 years), and (c) institutionalized elderly (n = 40; mean age = 73.5 years) and to compare the results with cut-off values for risk of fall. Materials and methods After measuring functional mobility, one-way independent ANOVAs and sample t-tests were used for analysis. Results The functional mobility of the active participants was better than that of the inactive (p < .001) and institutionalized participants (p < .001). There was no significant difference between the inactive and institutionalized participants (p = .990). The functional mobility of the active participants was better, whereas the functional mobility of the inactive participants was worse than the cut-off value of 13.5 s for risk of fall for community-living elderly. The functional mobility of the institutionalized participants did not differ from the 15-s reference value for predicting risk of fall. Conclusion The results indicate that regular physical activity has a positive effect on maintaining functional mobility among both community-living and institutionalized elderly individuals.
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