Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belongs to the legume family, one of the most important pulse crops due to its high nutritional values compared to other pulses. Chickpea production is very low in Pakistan compared to other countries because of low soil fertility. Organic manure like farmyard manure and poultry manure have good water and nutrient holding capacity, which nourish the plants. To this end, an experiment was conducted at BZU Bahadur Sub-campus Layyah, Pakistan, to investigate farmyard manure's and poultry manure's effects on chickpea. Data were collected for the number of buds and pods, plant height, biological yield, economical yield, and 100-grain weight. Results showed that farmyard manure significantly increased all chickpea varieties' measured traits compared to both control and poultry manure treatments. The variety Parbat produced the highest economical yield under farmyard manure fertilization compared to all other varieties and treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that all the measured traits were strongly positively correlated with economical yield, and path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield and numbers of the pod have a highest positive direct effect on economical yield, which showed that manures enhance the yield-related traits, which increased the economical yield in chickpea. The present study revealed that applying farm yard manure and poultry manure is essential for better seed production of chickpea.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of selected wheat varieties under the world's most prevalent and increasing drought conditions and to recommend suitable drought-resistant varieties to the farming community to increase yields even under stressful conditions to meet growing food needs. For this purpose, seven wheat genotypes were grown in sandy loam soil at the experimental field area of the College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur sub-campus Layyah, during 2020-21. Data were collected for the number of tillers, spikelets, flag leaf length, plant height, thousand-grain weight, spike length, and grain yield per plant. The results showed variation in the production level of wheat genotypes under control and different drought stress levels. Analysis of variance exhibited highly significant differences for all the seven characters studied. Based on mean performance Fakhar-e-Bhakkar, Gold, and Faisalabad may be top contributors to grain yield. The highest positive correlation indicates a highly significant and positive correlation between all measured morphological parameters of wheat genotypes. Path coefficient analysis recommended maximum positive direct and indirect effects on yield except for spike length. All of the genotypes performed well, even in drought conditions. However, all genotypes have some excellent features producing genetic diversity in germplasm. Therefore, these traits may be helpful for wheat breeding programs in the future.

Tomato is widely used as a vegetable and plays an important role in the diet for its health benefits. The present research was carried out at the vegetable section of Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal, Pakistan, during the summer season of 2022. The experimental material used for the present study comprised 8 genotypes of tomato. Plant material was collected from the vegetable section of the plant breeding and genetics department in BARI Chakwal. Indeterminate genotype used for morphological characterization was LITH-904, LITH-908, LITH-942, LITH-949, LITH-970, SANDEL-F1, SAHEL-F1, and ANNA-F1. These genotypes were analyzed based on different morphological parameters. The observations recorded were subjected to different statistical analyses, and significant variations were observed among all the genotypes. The advantages of hybrid tomato cultivars are uniformity in shape and size, increased vigor, early maturity, high-yield, and resistance to specific pests and pathogens. The growth characteristics varied significantly among different tomato hybrids. The present research was conducted to evaluate different indeterminate tomato hybrids through various qualitative and quantitative traits to boost the future breeding programs of tomatoes to develop new high-yielding varieties. High yield and good processing qualities are the pre-requisites for the general acceptance of the hybrid by the farmers and the end consumer.

Climate Change is a serious risk to crops as it harnesses the survival of plants and is a major cause for drought stress in many areas of the world including Pakistan. Most of the cultivated area in Pakistan is vulnerable to drought conditions brought about by climate change, leading to fewer productive harvests.   Wheat is Pakistan's major staple food crop, but it needs to be enhanced and developed to be more tolerant to drought conditions. We all know that future water crisis would affect us in many ways, and we need plant, which can cope up with water deficiency, otherwise it will be leading grains type of country in near future. To investigate the drought tolerance in wheat, we cultivated fifteen wheat genotypes in a dry and arid region of Layyah under water stress. The plants were irrigated at the initial stages and left them to grow outdoors without irrigation for six weeks. The study's objective was to evaluate these mutants' performance under drought stress. Data were collected for yield and yield-related traits, including plant height, number of tillers, number of spikes, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, grains per spike (each with a part), and grain yield. Underwater, stress conditions, there were significant differences in all the parameters.  In the experiment, genotypes Barani-83 and Subhani-21 were drought-tolerant and significantly increased parameters such as the number of grains per spike and grain yield. These parameters can be used as selection criteria for breeding programs of drought-tolerant varieties.