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Mineraloils have long been utilizedin industriesas machining lubricants, which contributed to theirdepletion and hick in priceandbeing non-biodegradable, harmful to the environment,and risk to health.Plant-basedoil is more biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendlyas a green alternative.However, in their crudestate, plant-based oilsare not up to par with the standard mineral oil used in lubricationin terms of high acidity, low-temperatureperformance,and oxidative instability.Further chemical modification and adding additives had to be made to improve the oil propertiesfor industrial applications.This study focused on the performance of transesterification of Tamanu plant-based oil with Trimethylolpropane (MTO) and Pentaerythritol (MTOP), which mixedwith 1% of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (PIL) and 10% of Ammonium Ionic Liquid (AIL), producing a series of oil specimens; MTO, MTO+PIL1%, MTO+AIL%, MTOP, MTOP+PIL1%, and MTOP+AIL%.Thesesamplesare then subjected to physicalanalysis to determine the improvement of theirproperties intermsof kinematic viscosityand viscosityindexaswell as undergo a four-ball wear test to the determine the tribology aspects of the lubrication in terms of coefficient of frictions and wear scar diameter, in accordance withASTM standard method.All the results were compared with commercial MWF which synthetic ester (SE)as reference oil. The result of viscosity index revealsthat MTOP+PIL1% had the highest value of 178.76. MTO+AIL10% exhibits the lowest average COF(0.061) compared to other MTOs lubricants. Among MTOP, MTOP+PIL1%also had the lowest average COF which is 0.082. The addition of PIL1% to MTO and MTOP lowered the average scar diameter, 730.77μm and 674.93μmrespectively. With the enhanced properties from chemical modification and additives, Tamanu oil can be proposed as a green alternative fordevelopingthe metalworking fluid industries in the future.

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Lubricant is a chemical that reduce the friction. Lubricant is made of petroleum, this petroleum-based lubricant is dangerous, It will affect the ecology system. The demand of lubricant is kept increasing but the petroleum is decreasing over the years. The alternative way needs to find out. One of the alternative way is bio-lubricant. Bio-lubricant can be biodegradable by the bacteria and no pollution. Callophyllum inophyllum (CI) can be one of the ingredient to manufacture bio-lubricant because it has higher oil yield. To extract the oil of CI, drying process is necessary to carry out. In this project, a dryer is built to investigate the best parameter to dry CI and also find out which parameter is the most suitable to dry CI through the experiment. Drying curve is plotted to provide more understanding for the behaviour of drying of Calophyllum Inophyllum Fruits. Furthermore, the quantity of heat and the latent heat of vaporization were calculated to determined how much heat were needed to raise temperature and vaporize the moisture content inside callophyllum inophyllum.