Background:Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative articular disease that causes disability and poor quality of life (QoL) of the individuals. Electrotherapeutic agents such as therapeutic ultrasound (US), interferential current (IFC), and infrared radiation are used in the treatment. It is not clear which of these agents is the best in improving these variables.Objective:The study aimed to compare the effects of the combined application of US and IFC therapies and infrared radiation on pain, functional activities, and QoL in people with KOA.Methods:In a randomized controlled study, 60 participants were randomized into two groups, the combination therapy group (CTG) and the infrared radiation group (IRG). Each group received 15-min treatment three times per week for 12 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for functional activities and the Short Form Health Survey questionnaire for QoL.Results:Participants in the CTG had a significant (p<0.05) reduction in pain and significant (p<0.05) improvement in functional activities and QoL compared to the IRG.Conclusion:The results of this study support the use of the combination of IFC and US therapies to reduce pain and improve function and QoL for KOA patients.

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Based on the third-order operator factorisation, the resonance interaction of solitons for the nonlinear string equation with a positive dispersion term is considered and operators for creation and annihilation of a resonance triad are constructed.

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