Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proved to exert considerable therapeutic effects on ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R)‐induced injury, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of MSCs‐derived exosome reinforced with miR‐20a in reversing liver I/R injury. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and IHC were carried out to compare the differential expressions of miR‐20a, Beclin‐I, FAS, Caspase‐3, mTOR and P62 in IR rats and normal rats. TUNEL was performed to assess IR‐induced apoptosis in IR rats, and luciferase assay was used to confirm the inhibitory effect of miR‐20a on Beclin‐I and FAS expression. Among the 12 candidate microRNAs (miRNAs), miR‐486, miR‐25, miR‐24, miR‐20a,miR‐466 and miR‐433‐3p were significantly downregulated in I/R. In particular, miR‐20a, a miRNA highly expressed in umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, was proved to bind to the 3ʹ UTR of Beclin‐I and FAS to exert an inhibitory effect on their expressions. Since Beclin‐I and FAS were aberrantly upregulated in IR, exosomes separated from UC‐MSCs showed therapeutic efficacy in reversing I/R induced apoptosis. In addition, exosomes reinforced with miR‐20a and separated from UC‐MSCs almost fully alleviated I/R injury. Furthermore, our results showed that miR‐20a could alleviate the abnormal expression of genes related to apoptosis and autophagy, such as active Caspase‐3, mTOR, P62, and LC3II. This study presented detailed evidence to clarify the mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of UC‐MSCs in the treatment of I/R injury.
Microseismic monitoring is one of the most critical technologies for hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas production. To detect events in an accurate and efficient way, there are two major challenges. One challenge is how to achieve high accuracy due to a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The other one is concerned with real-time data transmission. Taking these challenges into consideration, an edge-computing-based platform, namely Edge-to-Center LearnReduce, is presented in this work. The platform consists of a data center with many edge components. At the data center, a neural network model combined with convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is designed and this model is trained by using previously obtained data. Once the model is fully trained, it is sent to edge components for events detection and data reduction. At each edge component, a probabilistic inference is added to the neural network model to improve its accuracy. Finally, the reduced data is delivered to the data center. Based on experiment results, a high detection accuracy (over 96%) with less transmitted data (about 90%) was achieved by using the proposed approach on a microseismic monitoring system. These results show that the platform can simultaneously improve the accuracy and efficiency of microseismic monitoring.
By coating active titanium, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu (SAC) filler wetted SiC effectively, as the contact angle decreased significantly from ~145° to ~10°. Ti3SiC2 and TiOx (x ≤ 1) reaction layers were formed at the droplet/SiC interface, leading to the reduction of contact angle. Reliable brazing of SiC was achieved using titanium deposition at 900°C for 10 minutes, and the typical interfacial microstructure of Ti‐coated SiC/SAC was SiC/TiOx + Ti3SiC2/Sn(s,s). Comparing to direct brazing, Ti–Sn compounds in the brazing seam were effectively reduced and the mechanical property of joints was dramatically improved by titanium coating. The optimal average shear strength of SiC joints reached 25.3 MPa using titanium coating‐ assisted brazing, which was ∼62% higher than that of SiC brazed joints using SAC‐Ti filler directly.
A novel liquid-level sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating and carbon fiber composite diaphragm is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing principle and finite element analysis result are described. Because the carbon fiber composite diaphragm's thickness is 0.2 mm and thinner than that of other materials, the sensitivity of the liquid-level sensor is improved. The experimental results show that sensitivity can reach 0.185 nm/m of water height. Based on the high sensitivity and the simple structure of the sensor, this sensor can find applications in the area of liquid level sensing. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
The wetting behavior of Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu (SAC) filler with the addition of Ti on SiC ceramic was investigated using sessile drop method. SiC/SiC was brazed by SAC‐Ti filler with different Ti content at 1223 K (950°C) for 10 minutes. The wettability of SAC‐Ti filler on SiC was significantly enhanced with the addition of Ti. The contact angle decreased at first and then increased with increasing Ti content. The lowest contact angle of 9° was obtained with SAC‐1.5Ti (wt%) filler. When Ti content further increased to 2.0 wt%, the contact angle increased, due to the intense reaction of Ti–Sn. The reaction between Ti and SiC controlled the wetting behavior of SAC‐Ti on the SiC substrate and the reaction products such as TiC and Ti5Si3 were formed. The wetting of SAC‐Ti on SiC was reaction‐controlled. Interfacial reaction products TiC and Ti5Si3 were observed. The wetting activation energy in spreading stage was calculated to be 129.3 kJ/mol. Completely filled SiC/SiC joints were obtained using the filler with Ti content higher than 0.5 wt%. The fillet height increased firstly then decreased with mounting Ti content. The shear strength of joints increased first with the addition of Ti then decreased with Ti content increasing to 2.0 wt%. The highest shear strength of 35.7 MPa was obtained with SAC‐1.5 Ti (wt%) filler.
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