Aim: This study examined the histological effect of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on aspirin-induced stomach ulcer in male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are among the plant parts which are used in the treatment of ulcers by local folks in Wukari, Nigeria. Study Design: Seventy healthy male albino rats were used in this study; they were randomly distributed into 7 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were induced with ulcer using 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin and then treated with Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers for 5 and 14 days respectively. Methodology: This study was carried out in two phases: stomach ulcer was induced in test animals using aspirin and treated for a period of 5 days and 14 days using ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera before sacrifice. The stomach of the animals was harvested, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, between August 2022 and January 2023. Results: Photomicrograph of the gastric tissue of normal rats showed normal epithelial lining with mucosa and submucosa appearing unremarkable. Photomicrograph section of gastric tissue of rat administered aspirin only showed moderate ulceration of the epithelial lining. Photomicrograph of gastric tissues of rats administered both plant extracts showed moderate to severe ulcerations of the epithelial lining with unremarkable mucosa and submucosa. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment of stomach ulcer in albino rats caused by administration of excess dose of aspirin with ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera did not heal the stomach ulcer in the albino rats after 5 days and 14 days treatment.

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common diseases affecting a lot of people. Alpha amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used to treat type II diabetes and hypertension respectively. This study investigated the alpha amylase and ACE inhibitory potential of Azanza garckeana fruits. Phytochemical screening, α-amylase and ACE inhibitory potential of the aqueous extract of A. garckeana fruit was determined using standard procedures. The mode of inhibition of α-amylase by A. garckeana fruit was determined from the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, tannins, phenols and terpenoids were present in the aqueous extract of A. garkeana fruit. The percent inhibition of α-amylase  was greater than 50%. The IC50 values were 2.6 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.09 for the extract and acarbose (standard drug) respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that extract Vmax did not change when compared to the no inhibitor (no extract) but the km increased. The percent inhibition of ACE by A. garckeana was also greater than 50%. Its IC50 was 0.625 ± 0.03 while that of the standard drug (captopril) was   0.875 ± 0.07. Thus A. garckeana inhibited  α-amylase and ACE and can be used to treat type II diabetes and hypertension. It is a competitive inhibitor of α-amylase.