Background/Aims Today, invasive diagnostic tests are necessary for definite diagnosis of adult celiac disease (CD). However, in selected children patients, the need for invasive tests is ceased. In this study, we evaluated adult patients according to the ESPGHAN (European Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Society) criteria. Methods Thirty‐nine patients (aged 17‐66) with symptoms of CD were included. Serum samples were tested for total IgA, tTG‐IgA (antitissue transglutaminase), tTG‐IgG, DGP‐IgA (antideamidated gliadin peptide), DGP‐IgG, and EMA (endomysial antibodies). HLA‐DQ typing was studied with PCR‐SSP (sequence‐specific primers) method. Biopsy samples were evaluated according to Marsh scoring. Results In CD patients, 71.4% (15/21) of the patients were diagnosed without biopsy according to the EPSGHAN criteria but when ESPGHAN's IgA tTG threshold value for children was taken into consideration (>200 IU/mL), the sensitivity decreased to 81%. Celiac disease diagnosed and control groups were compared in terms of HLA tissue types. DQ2.5 homozygous or DQ2.5/DQ2.2 was significantly higher in CD group, and DQ2‐ or DQ8‐negative HLA tissue type was significantly higher in control group. Conclusion When serological tests, HLA typing, and clinical symptoms are all in favor of CD, biopsy may not be performed in selected adult CD patients.

Background/aim: Malnutrition is an important and commonly seen prognostic factor in patients with cirrhosis. The diagnosis of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients may be challenging, and an easily measured and widely usable marker is lacking. Prealbumin, however, is an easily measured marker. In the current study we measured prealbumin levels in cirrhotic patients with no clinically apparent malnutrition and used it as a malnutrition marker. Another aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional support on patient with low prealbumin levels. Materials and methods: Fifty-two patients with Child A and Child B cirrhosis were selected for the study. Prealbumin levels were studied, and Child and MELD scores were calculated. Patients with prealbumin levels ˂180 mg/L were considered to have malnutrition, and two different types of nutritional products were given to these patients. The patients given nutritional support were investigated a month later, and parameters were compared. Results: According to the prealbumin threshold of 180 mg/L, malnutrition frequencies were 59.3% for Child A and 95% for Child B cirrhosis. After the provision of nutritional support statistically significant improvements in albumin and INR levels were detected. In addition, the MELD score decreased; however, it was not statistically significant (P: 0.088). A statistically significant decrease in the MELD score was only obtained in patients with Child B cirrhosis (P: 0.033). When the oral replacement therapies were investigated separately, a statistically significant decrease in MELD scores was detected with product 1 (P: 0.043). Conclusion: Prealbumin can be used as an easily measured parameter for earlier detection of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis and without clinically apparent malnutrition. Oral nutritional support, especially with products containing relatively high carbohydrate levels and low protein, may have a favorable effect on MELD scores.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also affects the musculoskeletal system. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the musculoskeletal symptoms, type of pain and effect on quality of life in patients presenting with pain after COVID-19. METHODS: This prospective, descriptive study included 97 patients aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a positive polymerase chain reaction test result, with or without musculoskeletal pain prior to COVID-19 infection. Patients who applied to the post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic with the complaint of pain at least 1 month and maximum 1 year after the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Patients’ demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal examination findings were evaluated. The patients were examined, and the questionnaire forms were completed. The pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Douleur-Neuropathique-4 (DN-4) questionnaire, while the quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) survey. Patients were divided into groups in terms of gender, age, body mass index. Shapiro-Wilk’s test, the independent samples t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 46.5 ± 13.5 years, 30 of them were male. Pain increased in patients with pre-COVID-19 arthralgia and myalgia (p< 0.001). Post-COVID-19 VAS was significantly higher than pre-COVID-19 VAS (7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.2 ± 1.9, p< 0.05). Pre-COVID-19 patients with myalgia had significantly worse SF-36 physical function, social function, pain, general health perception (p< 0.05). The mean scores of females in the SF-36 physical function, pain were significantly worse than males (p< 0.05). According to DN-4, 41 (42.3%) patients had neuropathic pain. There was moderate negative correlation between VAS, DN-4 and SF-36 (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arthralgia, myalgia, and neuropathic pain, all of which negatively affect the quality of life, are often observed in the patients infected with COVID-19.

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