Citizen science programs directly engage the public in collecting data for science-related projects. This paper will investigate the claim that citizen science programs deliver opportunities and outcomes for a specific kind of benefit, "civic engagement." The paper will identify specific behaviors and conditions that have been used as indicators of citizen engagement in citizen science and discuss probable theoretical bases. Second, the paper will report on progress of an empirical study (a program evaluation) conducted in spring of 2016 of the Iowater Program, a citizen science program managed by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, which has trained over 5,000 citizens in water monitoring and reporting. The Iowater evaluation will ground the discussion of citizen science in contemporary experiences of the public.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui margin pemasaran jagung di Desa Suka Makmur Kecamatan Patilanggio Kabupaten Pohuwato, serta (2) untuk mengetahui efisiensi saluran pemasaran jagung di Desa Suka Makmur Kecamatan Patilanggio Kabupaten Pohuwato. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kombinasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mixed-method) dengan tipe sequential (kombinasi berurutan) kualitatif-kuantitatif dimana bobot kuantitatif lebih besar dibanding kualitatif (qual-QUAN). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Makmur, Kecamatan Patilanggio, Kabupaten Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Miles dan Huberman, analisis biaya dan keuntungan, analisis margin pemasaran, serta analisis efisiensi saluran pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Margin pemasaran jagung sebesar Rp 370 antara pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang besar. Pedagang pengumpul membeli hasil produksi jagung petani dengan harga Rp 2.330/kg kemudian dijual pada pedagang besar dengan harga Rp 2.700/kg. (2) Efisiensi saluran pemasaran jagung yaitu 13,43%. Hal ini berarti saluran pemasaran jagung sudah efisien.

Zulham Sirajuddin is a doctoral candidate in agricultural education at Iowa State University and a lecturer at Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo, Indonesia. T he drive to protect and improve surface water quality requires an array of policies, institutions, professionals, and procedures, even in the face of uncertain budgets and an increasing scope of work. Since the 1990s, the concept of "citizen science" has provided a framework under which volunteers supplement the water monitoring duties of scientists by producing more data and, in some cases, expanding their reach (Conrad and Hinchey 2011; McKinley et al. 2017). Volunteers, on the whole, benefit by contributing to society (Lawrence 2006), and by learning about science and environmental issues (Hecker et al. 2018; McKinley et al. 2017; Phillips et al. 2018). Many citizen science programs welcome youth, but this paper focuses on programs for adults. Citizen science programs address many types of science, not just water monitoring. Species monitoring contributes to biodiversity conservation (e.g., bird counts, whale watching, and butterfly migration), and space science and astronomy programs have expanded (Dickinson et al. 2012). Water quality monitoring is considered to be one of the largest activities (Conrad and Hinchey 2011), with program numbers in the United States estimated from 1,675 (Stepenuck 2013) to 1,720 (National Water Quality Monitoring Council 2019). Volunteer water monitoring has provided scientists with more data, and from more locations, than originally hoped (Conrad and Hinchey 2011). Data produced by citizen science projects have contributed to science knowledge and to policy development on local, state, regional, and national levels (Dickinson et al. 2012; Lubell et al. 2002; McKinley et al. 2017). BACKGROUND: IOWATER This article reports on an investigation of social engagement impacts of Iowater Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Program, a citizen science water monitoring program. Iowater was a statewide program administered by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) for more than 20 years, which aimed to (a) involve the

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of different mixtures of bioslurry and catfish manure on the growth and production of hybrid maize. This research was conducted on the experimental field of the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Agricultural Innovation, Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo, for 4 months from February to May 2022, which was conducted to examine the best formula for a mixture of organic fertilizer made from bioslurry and catfish wastewater manure through experiments. The field experiment design was arranged based on a Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consisted of 5 treatments and 3 replications, resulting with 15 experimental plots. The results of this study showed that the combination of treatment of bioslurry with catfish wastewater manure had a significant effect on the variable length of corn cobs in treatment B1 (75% bioslurry combined with catfish wastewater 25%), and was the best treatment for the variable number of leaves, cob length, cob diameter, wet shelled weight and dry shelled weight of corn.

Pandemi Covid19 telah berdampak pada perekonomian masyarakat Indonesia, salah satunya adalah petani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak Covid19 terhadap perubahan struktur mata pencaharian petani di Provinsi Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandemi Covid19 memiiki dampak langsung terhadap struktur mata pencaharian petani utamanya pada petani buruh dan serabutan, dan pada petani di periphery perkotaan, serta dampak tidak langsung melalui penurunan Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) dan kemiskinan pedesaan. Kebijakan ke depan sebaiknya fokus pada sasaran petani buruh dan buruh lepas serabutan, petani wilayah periphery, dan petani pangan. Kebijakan ke depan juga sebaiknya mampu menopang kelancaran proses produksi meski di tengah pembatasan sosial akibat pandemi, kelancaran distribusi saprodi, serta membuka lapangan pekerjaan baru di pedesaan.