Abstrak Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditi hortikultura yang strategis dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran (transmisi) dan asimetri harga bawang merah di Indonesia. Analisis asimetri harga dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Error Correction Models (ECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi asimetri harga yang berarti bahwa transmisi harga atau harga yang diteruskan antara  lembaga pemasaran. Hal ini disebabkan karena transmisi harga berlangsung secara tidak sempurna akibat adanya inefisiensi pasar baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Dalam hal ini produsen tidak mendapat manfaat atas kenaikan harga di tingkat konsumen dan konsumen tidak mendapat manfaat atas penurunan harga di tingkat produsen. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya campur tangan pemerintah untuk mengawasi rantai pemasaran sampai ke pasar induk. Pemerintah perlu menata distribusi sentra produksi, distribusi hasil panen antar wilayah, serta mengawasi dan mengevaluasi kebijakan harga bawang merah. Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk menjamin kecukupan dan kelancaran distribusi bawang merah. Kata Kunci: Asimetri, Bawang Merah, ECM, Transmisi Harga. Abstract Shallot is one of the strategic horticultural commodities and has a high economic value. This study aims to analyze marketing (transmission) efficiency and asymmetry of the price shallots in Indonesia. Price asymmetry analysis is performed using the Error Correction Models (ECM) approach. The results showed that there had been price asymmetry which meant that the transmission of prices or prices were passed on between marketing institutions. This is due to the imperfect transmission of prices due to market inefficiencies both in the short and long term. In this case producers do not benefit from price increases at the consumer level and consumers do not benefit from price decreases at the producer level. The result of this research recommend the need for government intervention to oversee the marketing chain to the wholesale market. The government needs to organize the distribution of production centres, distribution of harvests between regions, and oversee and evaluate the shallot price policy. These policies aim to ensure the adequacy and smooth distribution of shallots. Key words : Asymmetry, ECM, Price Transmission, Shallot. JEL Classification : Q11, Q12, Q13

Sektor pertanian berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia terutama di era pandemi Covid-19 dimana banyak sektor lain yang mengalami kontraksi akibat Covid-19, namun sektor pertanian justru mampu tumbuh positif dengan kontribusi ekspor yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor sektor pertanian pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dan dampaknya terhadap output, pendapatan, dan tenaga kerja, serta pengganda impor sektor pertanian. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis input-output dengan menggunakan data sekunder Tabel Input-Output Indonesia terbaru tahun 2016 dan perubahan ekspor komoditas sektor pertanian tahun 2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kinerja ekspor sektor pertanian terhadap output, pendapatan, dan tenaga kerja berdampak positif paling besar pada kelapa sawit, kelapa, serta unggas dan hasil-hasilnya. Sedangkan, komoditas sektor pertanian yang memiliki nilai pengganda impor terbesar adalah hasil pemeliharaan hewan lainnya serta rumput laut dan sejenisnya. Untuk itu agar mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi, sektor kelapa sawit, kelapa, serta unggas dan hasil-hasilnya paling berpotensi untuk dikembangkan.

The agro-industrial sector is a sector that plays a role in creating added value for agriculture and generating foreign exchange through its exports. In 2020, the export performance of agroindustry experienced a decline due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the import multiplier and export performance of Indonesian agro-industry during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses secondary data in the form of Indonesian Input-Output Tables in 2016 and changes in exports of each agro-industry sub-sector in 2020. The results of the analysis show that the export performance of the agro-industry sector on output, income, and labor has the biggest negative impact on the textile and apparel industry. While the biggest positive impact was obtained by rice, palm oil, livestock, and the food industry during the Covid-19 pandemic.

ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) is an agreement with ASEAN countries with China to establish a free trade area. Telephones are the main commodity in China which is included in the largest import category in ASEAN, where the value of imports of cellphones from China is higher than other countries, China dominates the import of cellphones in ASEAN with 55% o ea (ACFTA) on telephone imports from ASEAN countries in China. This study uses annual data from 2006 to 2020f total imports from other countries. This study aims to analyze the influence of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Ar. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis and gravity model. Quantitatively, it shows that the production of telephones in each ASEAN country has not met the demand for telephones, so imports are carried out. The estimation results of the gravity model show that the ACFTA variable has no significant effect on China's telephone imports to ASEAN. Other factors that affect China's telephone imports to ASEAN are ASEAN's real GDP, China's real GDP, real exchange rate, distance and inflation affect China's telephone imports to ASEAN.

The government is trying to improve the food security of the community. By fulfilling the community's food needs, it can improve the community's welfare. Meeting good food and people can achieve nutrition needs by increasing milk consumption. However, domestic production is still unable to meet the domestic demand for milk. Increasing domestic milk production can be achieved by using technology. The use of livestock data recording technology can help farmers increase cow's milk production. This study aims to analyze the effect of socio-economic characteristics on the application of livestock data recording and the factors that influence the adoption of livestock data recording technology in North Cianjur KPS. The method used is descriptive analysis and logistic regression using data from a questionnaire with 71 respondents. The socio-economic characteristics in North Cianjur KPS show that respondents who adopt technology are of productive age, have low education, have few dependents, and are of medium-scale business. The results of this study indicate that the variables of age, informal education, and family dependents significantly negatively affect the application of livestock data recording. In addition, the number of cows, the area of the cowshed, and roof construction materials significantly positively affect the application of livestock data recording.