Orders and judgments in Shariah Courts have often being challenged at a higher level. Not only that the laws applied in Shariah Court itself also have been challenged in the Civil Courts. As many studies have made in the past on this issues, this article aims to review the related literatures on the subject. Through content analysis of the literatures it found that most of the studies concentrated on organization, function and jurisdiction of the judicial institutions of Shariah Court in Malaysia. Only a little number of the studies analyzed the reasons that led to the grounds of judgment and methods and principles used in the court decision. Based on literature point of view, it can be observed that the judges in Shariah Court have lack of understanding towards the importance and role of judgment methodology in order to come up with a just and transparent decision so much so their grounds of judgment are sometimes be impractical and refutable.
Implimentasi teknologi maklumat dalam institusi kehakiman syariah disambut baik oleh semua mahkamah syariah negeri di Malaysia melalui aplikasi sistem e-Syariah. Inovasi dan transformasi teknologi elektronik ini diteruskan oleh sebahagian mahkamah syariah termasuk mahkamah syariah di Sarawak yang membangunkan sistem baharu yang dinamakan i-Syariah, iaitu Sistem Pengurusan Pintar Syariah. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis pembangunan sistem Pengurusan Mahkamah Syariah melalui sistem e-Syariah pada peringkat Persekutuan dan i-Syariah yang diaplikasikan di Sarawak. Penelitian juga dilakukan terhadap modul yang dibangunkan dalam sistem e-Syariah dan i-Syariah bagi dapatan maklumat penyelidikan yang menyeluruh. Metodologi penyelidikan dilakukan secara kualitatif terhadap perkembangan pembangunan sistem e-Syariah dan sistem i-Syariah serta melaksanakan metode komparatif dengan membandingkan sistem yang diguna pakai di mahkamah sivil dengan kandungan sistem yang diaplikasikan di institusi kehakiman syariah. Penyelidikan ini mendapati bahawa transformasi teknologi elektronik mahkamah syariah kurang menunjukkan perkembangan berbanding mahkamah sivil yang telah mengaplikasi e-Filing system (EFS), Case Management System (CMS), Queue Management System (QMS), Court Recording and Transcribing (CRT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan Community and Advocate Portal System (CAP). Walau bagaimanapun berdasarkan pelan pembangunan i-Syariah maka sistem-sistem yang diguna pakai pada peringkat mahkamah sivil ini akan diimplimentasikan di mahkamah syariah Sarawak untuk memastikan transformasi informasi teknologi maklumat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi digital di Sarawak.
Cabaran Penguatkuasaan Penghakiman Mahkamah Syariah: Kajian Peranan Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga Terhadap Hak Wanita dan Kanak-Kanak di Sarawak Abstrak Penghakiman yang diputuskan oleh Hakim Syarie di Mahkamah Syariah hendaklah dipatuhi oleh pihak-pihak. Ketidakpatuhan penghakiman Mahkamah Syariah akan memberikan kesan terhadap wanita dan kanak-kanak dari aspek kewangan. Penguatkuasaan dan pelaksanaan penghakiman boleh diambil tindakan di Mahkamah Syariah. Kertas penyelidikan ini bertujuan melihat cabaran penguatkuasaan penghakiman yang memfokuskan kepada fungsi dan peranan Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia di Sarawak. Pendekatan metodologi yang digunapakai bagi kertas kerja ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif. Penyelidikan mendapati bahawa BSK JKSM yang ditempatkan di Sarawak merupakan satu langkah yang proaktif diambil oleh JKSM untuk memastikan penghakiman Mahkamah Syariah dipatuhi oleh pihak Penghutang Penghakiman. Penguatkuasaan penghakiman yang dilaksanakan adalah penghakiman nafkah anak, nafkah isteri, nafkah eddah dan mutaah dikuatkuasakan melalui mekanisme perundangan yang berkuatkuasa di Sarawak. Terdapat beberapa cabaran dalam pelaksanaan penguatkuasaan penghakiman di Sarawak yang telah diambil tindakan dan langkah pemerkasaan oleh pihak JKSM dan Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Pemerkasaan bahagian ini dilakukan secara holistik dan optimum dari segi kekangan kakitangan, fasiliti dan kompetensi pegawai. Kata Kunci: Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga, Penguatkuasaan Perintah, Sarawak, Hak Wanita, Hak Kanak-kanak Challenges in Enforcement of Syariah Court Judgment: Study of The Role of The Family Support Division on The Rights of Women and Children in Sarawak Abstract The judgment decided by the Syariah Judge in the Syariah Court shall be complied with by the parties. Non-compliance with Syariah court judgments will have a financial impact on women and children. Enforcement and execution of judgments can be taken action in Syariah Courts. This research paper is aimed to view the challenges of judgment enforcement focusing on the functions and roles of the Family Support Division of the Department of Syariah Judiciary Malaysia in Sarawak. The methodological approach of the study which this paper is based is a qualitative approach. The study has revealed that BSK JKSM located in Sarawak is a proactive step taken by JKSM JKSM to ensure that the judgment of the Syariah Court is complied with by the Judgment Debtor. The enforcement of the judgment is that the judgment of child maintenance, wife's maintenance, eddah maintenance and mutaah is enforced through the legal mechanism in force in Sarawak. There are several challenges in the implementation of judgment enforcement in Sarawak that have been taken action and empowerment measures by the JKSM and Department of Syariah Judiciary Sarawak. The empowerment of this division is done holistically and optimally in terms of staff constraints, facilities and officer competencies. Keywords: Family Support Division, Enforcement of judgment, Sarawak, Women's Rights, Children's Rights
Abstrak Profesionalisme pegawai kerajaan merupakan aspek penting dalam perkhidmatan institusi kerajaan di Malaysia. Mahkamah Syariah merupakan institusi kerajaan yang melaksanakan tugas kehakiman untuk mencapai keadilan. Hakim Syarie dipertanggungjawabkan untuk melaksanakan tugas penghakiman dan menulis teks alasan penghakiman sebagaimana ketetapan undang-undang dan pemakaian arahan amalan. Walau bagaimanapun terdapat kritikan Panel Rayuan Mahkamah Syariah terhadap pendekatan penulisan teks alasan penghakiman yang dibuat oleh Hakim Syarie. Justeru itu, penulisan makalah ini bertujuan melihat profesionalisme Hakim Syarie melalui pemakaian arahan amalan dalam penulisan teks alasan penghakiman. Penulisan ini memfokuskan kepada arahan amalan No. 6 Tahun 2001 yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan sebagai metodologi penulisan makalah ini. Penulisan telah mendapati bahawa Hakim Syarie merupakan personal yang mempunyai nilai profesionalisme melalui pelantikan undang-undang, kompetensi dan kelayakan yang ditetapkan. Pelaksanaan tugasan kehakiman termasuk menulis teks alasan penghakiman merupakan aspek penting yang perlu dilakukan secara profesional berpandukan ketetapan undang-undang dan arahan amalan yang digunakan di Mahkamah Syariah. Pemakaian arahan amalan berkenaan penulisan teks alasan penghakiman perlu dipatuhi bagi memastikan kewibawaan nilai profesionalisme Hakim Syarie di Mahkamah Syariah. Kata Kunci: Profesionalisme, Hakim Syarie, Mahkamah Syariah, Alasan Penghakiman, Arahan Amalan Abstract The professionalism of a civil servant is an important aspect of a good service in government institutions. The Syariah Court is one of the institutions responsible for judicial duties in order to acquire justice. Syariah Judge was assigned with the duty to make decisions and to write the text of the ground of judgement made, based on the rule of practice direction. Nonetheless, a criticism was thrown by the appeal panel of the Syariah Court on the approach taken by the Syariah Judge in writing the text of grounds of judgment. Therefore, this article is written to illustrate the effect of the application of practice directions on the professionalism of a Syariah Judge. This writing focuses on Practice Direction No. 6, 2001 issued by the Department of Syariah Judiciary Malaysia. A qualitative measures was utilized as the methodology of this research. The results indicate that Syariah Judge's professionalism is achieved through legal appointment and his competency and qualifications, as prescribed by the authority. The execution of judicial duties is also an important features of professionalism, which includes writing text of the ground of judgement that need to be done professionally by the Syariah Judge in accordance with the prescribed rule of laws and Practice Directions applied in Syariah Court. Hence, the practice direction of writing text for grounds of judgment needs to be observed to ensure the preservation of professional values among the Syariah Judges in Syariah Court. Keywords: Professionalism, Syariah Judge, Syariah Court, Grounds of Judgment, Practice Directions
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