Objectives:To study the clinical effect of OLIF channel combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of single-segment lumbar tuberculosis.Methods:Using a retrospective controlled study, patients who were diagnosed with single-segment lumbar tuberculosis were divided into the minimal invasive group(the anterior debridement and fusion by OLIF technique combined percutaneous pedicle screw group) and the open group(the anterior-posterior combined surgery group) according to different surgical methods from July 2016 to October 2018,then the surgical-related parameters and surgical effects of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:The minimal invasive group was superior to the open group in operation time, abdominal incision length,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage, and CPK,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);The VAS scores of low back pain after 3 days,3mounths and last follow-up of surgery was significantly lower than before surgery in both goups (P<0.05), which in the minimal invasive group was significantly lower than those in the open group at 3days after surgery （P<0.05）,but no significance in other time point(P＞0.05).The ODI index, ESR, CRP before operation, 3 months and the last follow-up after surgery were not statistically different between two groups(P＞0.05),and significant difference in the group(P<0.05). Postoperative lumbar lordosis increased significantly in the two groups after operation, and there was no statistical difference between the groups at each time point(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of OLIF channel combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of single-segment lumbar tuberculosis is not different from the anterior-posterior combined surgery, but the trauma is smaller and the recovery is faster in the former, which has certain advantages in clinic.