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The objectives of this study are to determine factors that contribute to theEngineering Calculus subject failures and to analyse the study styles ofstudents taking this course. Based on the literature search, these factorsare categorised into three domains which are students’ attitude, students’background and teacher-related factors. A survey research was done to asample of engineering degree students who are taking Engineering Calculussubject at their third semester. It was found that non-systematic study styleis the greatest factor which has been claimed by the respondents as themain reason for their failures. Besides this, a majority of the students arecomfortable with studying alone, as compared to taking part in study groupor seeking help from lecturers. These findings suggest that corrective actionsshould be taken by the students, lecturers, as well as the faculty in order tocope with the alarming failure rate of mathematics subject.

This paper presents a novel approach to solve a railway rescheduling problem using a Mixed Integer Goal Programming (MIGP) model rescheduling timetable based on train priorities whenever a service disruption occurs. The objectives are to minimize the total delay time of all trains in the rail line and maximize the service reliability. The experiments were done on Malaysian double track railway system and the model was solved using a heuristics approach great influence on the total delay time and service reliability. This r more advanced and practical model as it is able to produce the provisional timetable in short computing time and the solution generated satisfies all the restrictions posed by the rail operator. This paper presents a novel approach to solve a railway rescheduling problem using a Mixed KeywordsProgramming (MIGP) model. The model is developed to find a new rescheduling timetable based on train priorities whenever a service disruption occurs. The objectives are to minimize the total delay time of all trains in the rail line and maximize the service reliability. The experiments were done on Malaysian double track railway system and the model was solved using a heuristics approach. The result shows that train priority has a great influence on the total delay time and service reliability. This research has proposed a more advanced and practical model as it is able to produce the provisional timetable in short computing time and the solution generated satisfies all the restrictions posed by the rail rescheduling; mathematical modelling; service disruptions; priority.

Mathematical optimization techniques have been widely used in modeling and solving rail transportation problem. In dealing with conflicting trains during service disruptions, rescheduling train aims to produce an adjusted periodic timetable for the affected trains using available resources while satisfying a set of operational constraints. In this paper, we present some modifications on a mixed integer programming (MIP) model with the objective of minimizing the total service delays when service disruptions occur. Based on a selected reference model, the sets, parameters and the decision variables of the modified model are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Two problem cases with small sample data were created to test the model and interpret the reschedule results. The solutions that have been generated successfully provide the new provisional timetable, indicating the total delay experienced by trains. 