The Rungus are the indigenous people in Sabah, Malaysia. Malay as a second language and the primary instruction in schools seems inevitable. The study aims to determine the effects of reading strategies in the L2 reading comprehension tests on textual content and vocabulary. Participants consisted of twenty-six Form Four Rungus tribe pupils from Kudat Sikuati II Government Secondary School. The study used an ex-post facto research design. The researchers employed cognitive and metacognitive strategy questionnaires and two reading comprehension tests on L2 textual content and vocabulary. The researchers applied Cronbach alpha reliability statistics, paired sample test, and regression analysis. The study indicates that the L2 reading comprehension test on textual content and cognitive strategy were linearly related. Also, the factors related to L2 vocabulary in the reading comprehension test and metacognitive strategy are statistically significant. There is a very substantial relationship between past knowledge and reading comprehension among the participants. This study found that the use of cognitive strategies facilitates L2 reading comprehension with first language translation. The participants use translation strategies at a high level. However, they often use the metacognitive strategy more than the cognitive strategy. There is a significant positive relationship between metacognitive awareness and high-skilled readers’ performance. Low-level skilled readers choose the cognitive strategy. Meanwhile, the regression analysis between the L2 reading comprehension test on textual content and cognitive strategy revealed a positive association (β=.435) that is statistically significant (p<.05). The regression analysis between the L2 reading comprehension test on vocabulary and metacognitive strategy indicated a positive association (β=.440) and statistically significant (p<.05). Reading strategies facilitate students to understand the text, thereby improving their reading comprehension tasks. In addition to demonstrating positive implications on teaching students to read a second language, the findings are essential for teaching Malay language vocabulary. The schema theory employed in the study implicates that reading comprehension performance is generated from the interaction between top-down strategy (metacognitive) and bottom-up strategy (cognitive). A large-scale study could potentially reveal the use of translation strategy as a strategic trait associated with high-achievement readers or is, in fact, a bilingual additive.

This study is an observation of the use of semantic elements to online newspaper news about the plane crash that has claimed many lives, namely the MH17 Tragedy. The important purpose is to look at the problem of ambiguity of meaning that occurs. In addition, this study also explains the use of semantic elements in newspaper news that can cause changes in the original meaning according to the context of the sentence used. as the main source of information. This study focuses primarily on semantics in online newspaper news by using structural semantic theory approach by (Katz, 1972). This theory emphasizes the meaning of each word based on the sentence used. To achieve that goal, the study was based on identifying semantics and newspaper news. Next make a comparison between the newspaper and describe the semantic meaning in the newspaper news. Through this study, the researcher has used two main newspapers, namely Berita Harian and Utusan Malaysia. A total of 14 newspapers were used as study data, namely seven newspapers were from Berita Harian and seven more were from Utusan Malaysia. Next, the researcher only selected six newspapers to explain the meaning, namely three newspapers from Berita Harian and three more from Utusan Malaysia.

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This study is an observation of the use of language in advertising language. This writing involves a study of the form of content analysis on selected advertisements. This study gives the main focus on the aspect of interpreting the meaning of advertisements using a languageadjusted approach by Kamaruddin (1995). This theory emphasizes the importance of context in the interpretation of the use of the Malay language ads involving all aspects of the circumstance of users and usage conditions. This reason to achieve advertising goals, advertisers do not emphasize grammatical aspects when building ad scripts. Therefore, user confusion will arise on the adjustable meaning of ad language that often uses implicit elements. In the construction of a language, its use by members of the community must be the main goal. A language that has been developed will not be meaningful if it has not been fully used by the members of the community who developed it (Asmah, 1988).

Neurolinguistics is known as a study of relationship between brain and language. Human brain consists of three main parts such as forebrain (crucial part), midbrain (the smallest part), and hindbrain (the lowest part). Basically, human language centre is located in frontal lobe of human brain where the left and the right hemispheres are located. Language use sometimes is more dominant in the left hemisphere although the right hemisphere functions for language. Specifically, the areas that are involved in language are frontal lobe (Broca) and temporal lobe (Wernicke). The lesion on brain will scientifically cause language disorder which is known as aphasia. The types of aphasia are Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, pure word deafness aphasia, conduction aphasia, anomic aphasia, apraxia aphasia, global aphasia, and aphasia reading and writing (dyslexia). The physical condition of a healthy brain is very important to prepare the activities of thinking and acting. Thus, the brain must be protected appropriately.