Background and ObjectiveOnce-daily oral fingolimod is approved in the EU as escalation treatment for adult patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The efficacy and safety profiles of fingolimod have been well established in a large clinical development programme and several papers reflecting the experience with fingolimod in real-world settings have been published to date. The GOLEMS study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of fingolimod and the impact of fingolimod treatment on disability progression and work capability in patients with MS in routine clinical practice in the Czech Republic.MethodsGOLEMS was a national, multicentre, non-interventional, single-arm study conducted to analyse the outcomes of a minimum of 12 months of fingolimod therapy on primary and secondary endpoints. The primary endpoint was to assess the proportion of relapse-free patients and severity of MS relapses in patients treated with fingolimod for 12 months. Secondary endpoints included assessment of changes in disability progression evaluated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and work capability assessment measured through voluntary completion of the WPAI-GH questionnaire. The predictive factors for relapse-free status during fingolimod treatment were also analysed.ResultsOf the 240 enrolled patients, 219 completed the 12-month treatment period at the time of final analysis. In the efficacy set (N = 237), the proportion of relapse-free patients increased from 47 patients (19.6 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 14.8–25.2) in the year before fingolimod initiation to 152 patients (64.1 %; 95 % CI 58.0–70.2) after 1 year of fingolimod treatment. Of the 85 patients who experienced at least one relapse after 1 year of fingolimod treatment, 53 (62.4 %; 95 % CI 51.7–71.9) reported only one relapse, while 25 (29.4 %; 95 % CI 20.8–39.8) and seven (8.2 %; 95 % CI 4.0–16.0) patients had ≥2 relapses, respectively. No significant changes were observed in EDSS scores over the 12-month treatment period compared with baseline. The absolute number of relapses during 2 years before initiation of fingolimod treatment and baseline EDSS scores were identified as significant independent predictors for ‘being relapse-free’ during the 12-month fingolimod treatment period. No trend was established in work capability or number of missed days at work due to the large proportion of missing data. Of 240 enrolled patients, 27 (11.3 %) patients discontinued the study at or before the 12-month visit, 16 (6.7 %) discontinued because of adverse events related to study drug. Only six (2.5 %) patients reported serious adverse events related to the study drug.ConclusionThe results confirm the favourable safety and efficacy profile of fingolimod under real-world conditions, consistent with phase III trials.

Purpose A national primary and secondary healthcare-level study in the Czech Republic has not yet been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of migraine. We analyzed the current treatment patterns (acute and prophylactic) in migraine patients and the number of migraine patients potentially eligible for treatment with recent calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway-targeted therapies. Methods This retrospective study utilized the Ministry of the Interior Health Insurance Fund claims database of the Czech Republic wherein every citizen is insured. Migraine patients with or without aura, and potentially on triptan therapy were included in this study (index years 2012–2016). The prevalence approach included all patients (new and old) present in each index year. Prophylactic therapies were followed f0or three and seven years prior to the index year, including the index year, until 2010. The incidence approach included all patients first diagnosed in each index year. Prophylactic therapies were followed for the next three years, including the index year, until 2017 following incidence approach. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the rate of migraine prevalence and diagnosis for each index year during the period 2012–2016. The study also evaluated prophylactic and acute treatment patterns and comorbidities among patients in 2016. Results The rate of migraine prevalence was 1% and the rate of diagnosis was 0.2–0.4%. By prevalence approach, approximately 39% of the patients were on prophylactics, and 11.2% and 21.6% of the patient population had two prior treatment failures (three- and seven-year recall period, respectively). Antiepileptics (26%) and beta blockers (15.8%) were the most prescribed prophylactics, and sumatriptan was the predominant triptan used (12%) for acute treatment. Conclusion Taking into account the number of inhabitants in the Czech Republic (10.7 million), there could be up to 23,000 adult patients eligible for novel CGRP therapies.

Background Fingolimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor immunomodulator, is approved in Europe for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) with highly active disease despite a full and adequate course of treatment with ≥ 1 disease-modifying therapy or patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing–remitting MS. GOLEMS, a national, multicenter, non-interventional, single-arm, real-world study showed a favorable benefit–risk profile of 12-month treatment with fingolimod in pwMS in the Czech Republic. Here, we evaluated the long-term effectiveness and safety of fingolimod and its impact on disability progression and work capability for up to 48 months in pwMS. Methods The endpoints assessed were the incidence and severity of MS relapses in fingolimod-treated patients and the proportion of relapse-free patients up to 48 months of fingolimod treatment, change from baseline in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, and change from baseline in work capability assessment. Efficacy outcomes were analyzed in the completed and efficacy sets, and safety was evaluated in all the enrolled patients. Results Of 240 enrolled patients, 237 were included into efficacy set. Patients with a minimum of a 12-month observation period in the core study who continued fingolimod treatment, were eligible to participate in the extension phase. Of 211 patients enrolled in extension study, 155 were evaluated in the completed set. Based on analysis of 48-month period of fingolimod treatment, 95/237 patients (40.1%) in the efficacy set, 54/155 (34.8%) in the completed set were free of relapses. The majority of relapses reported were moderate in intensity. Mean EDSS score remained stable throughout 48-month study period (Baseline, 3.4; Month 48, 3.6). No trend was observed in changes in work capability assessment or number of missed days of work. Of 240 enrolled patients, 147 (61.3%) had ≥ 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (AE) and 20 (8.3%) reported serious AEs. In total, 45 patients (18.8%) permanently discontinued treatment because of AEs related to study drug; two patients reported pregnancy after treatment initiation and subsequently discontinued the treatment; no deaths were reported. Conclusion GOLEMS study demonstrated the sustained effectiveness and manageable safety profile of fingolimod under real-world conditions over 48 months in patients with MS. Trial registration Not applicable.

Background A national primary and secondary healthcare-level study in the Czech Republic has not yet been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of migraine. Considering the success of newly developed calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway-targeted therapies, we analyzed the current treatment patterns (acute and prophylactic) in migraine patients and the number of migraine patients potentially eligible for treatment with these therapies. Methods This retrospective study utilized the Ministry of the Interior Health Insurance Fund claims database of the Czech Republic wherein every citizen is insured, according to local regulations. Migraine patients with or without aura, and potentially on triptan therapy, from 2012–2016, were included in this study. The prevalence approach (index years 2012–2016) included all patients present in each index year. Prophylactic therapies were followed for three and seven years prior to the index year, including the index year, until 2010. The incidence approach (index years 2012–2016) included all patients first diagnosed in each index year. Prophylactic therapies were followed for the next three years, including the index year, until 2017 following incidence approach. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the rate of migraine prevalence and diagnosis for each index year during the period 20122–2016. The study also evaluated prophylactic and acute treatment patterns and comorbidities among patients in 2016.Results The rate of migraine prevalence was 1% and the rate of diagnosis was 0.2%–0.4%. The prevalence of migraine in adults and females was similar to global prevalence. By prevalence approach, approximately 39% of the patients were on prophylactics, and 11.2% and 21.6% of the patient population had two prior treatment failures (three- and seven-year recall period, respectively). Overall, antiepileptics (26%) and beta blockers (15.8%) were the most prescribed prophylactics, and sumatriptan was the predominant triptan used (12%) for acute treatment. Conclusion Taking into account the number of inhabitants in the Czech Republic (10.7 million), there could be up to 23,000 adult patients eligible for novel CGRP therapies.

Background: Fingolimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor immunomodulator, is approved in Europe for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with highly active disease despite a full and adequate course of treatment with ≥1 disease-modifying therapy or patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing–remitting MS. GOLEMS, a 12-month, national, multicenter, non-interventional, single-arm, real-world study showed a favorable benefit–risk profile of fingolimod in patients with MS in the Czech Republic. Here, we evaluated the long-term effectiveness and safety of fingolimod and its impact on disability progression and work capability for up to 48 months in patients with MS.Methods: The endpoints assessed were the incidence and severity of MS relapses in fingolimod-treated patients and the proportion of relapse-free patients up to 48 months of fingolimod treatment, change from baseline in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, and change from baseline in work capability assessment. Efficacy outcomes were analyzed in the completed and efficacy sets, and safety was evaluated in all the enrolled patients.Results: Of 240 enrolled patients, 237 were included into efficacy set. Patients with a minimum of a 12-month observation period in the core study who continued fingolimod treatment, were eligible to participate in the extension phase. Of 211 patients enrolled in extension study, 155 were evaluated in the completed set. Based on analysis of 48-month period of fingolimod treatment, 95/237 patients (40.1%) in the efficacy set, 54/155 (34.8%) in the completed set were free of relapses. The majority of relapses reported were moderate in intensity. Mean EDSS score remained stable throughout 48-month study period (Baseline, 3.4; Month 48, 3.6). No significant 3 trend was observed in changes in work capability assessment or number of missed days of work. Of 240 enrolled patients, 147 (61.3%) had ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (AE) and 20 (8.3%) reported serious AEs. In total, 45 patients (18.8%) permanently discontinued treatment because of AEs related to study drug; two patients reported pregnancy after treatment initiation and subsequently discontinued the treatment; no deaths were reported.Conclusion: GOLEMS study demonstrated the sustained effectiveness and manageable safety profile of fingolimod under real-world conditions over 48 months in patients with MS.Trial registration: Not applicable