Αντικείμενο της παρούσας μελέτης είναι ο ανεικονικός διάκοσμος σε περιοχές της Βυζαντινής Αυτοκρατορίας (Ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα, Νησιά Αιγαίου, Κρήτη, Κύπρος, Μ.Ασία) και πως αυτός συνδέεται ιστορικά και καλλιτεχνικά με το κίνημα της Εικονομαχίας. Το βασικό ερώτημα είναι το αν και κατά πόσο ο ανεικονικός διάκοσμος εκκλησιών που συναντάμε σε εκτενείς γεωγραφικές περιοχές της Αν. Μεσογείου και της Μ.Ασίας έχει να κάνει με το εικονομαχικό κίνημα, το οποίο ταλαιπώρησε την Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορίας στο χρονικό διάστημα από τον 8ο έως τον 9ο αιώνα, ή απλά ήταν το αποτέλεσμα κάποιων αισθητικών/ εικαστικών αντιλήψεων που προϋπήρχαν στις περιοχές αυτές και κατά συνέπεια ήταν αποσυνδεδεμένο από θεολογικές και ιστορικές συναρτήσεις. Το επίκεντρο της ανεικονικής ζωγραφικής είναι ο σταυρός. Πλούσιες είναι και οι παραστάσεις ζώων, πτηνών, τα γεωμετρικά σύμβολα, ο φυτικός διάκοσμος καθώς και ο γεωμετρικός διάκοσμος που συναντάμε σε πολλούς ναούς. Το χαρακτηριστικό αυτών είναι ότι συναντώνται και πριν αλλά και μετά από την εικονομαχική περίοδο. Το εικονογραφικό πρόγραμμα δεν είναι σε κάποιες περιπτώσεις αμιγές, αλλά συναντάμε σε πολλές «εικονομαχικές» εκκλησίες την παρουσία ενός «μικτού» διακόσμου.
This dissertation investigates self-concept, behavioral and emotional disorders of adolescents with profound visual impairments as well as their social support, in the form of positive regard, from parents, teachers and peers. The dissertation is interested in examining whether self-concept, behavioral and emotional disorders, as assessed by adolescents with profound visual impairments and their teachers, as well as these adolescents' perceptions of social support from the specific "significant others" differ from those of their sighted peers. The dissertation is also interested in the comparative examination of the relation between social support from the above mentioned sources and self-concept/ behavioral and emotional disorders in both groups of adolescents. Secondly, the dissertation examines the contribution of age, gender, degree of vision loss and age of visual impairment onset in the psychological variables under study for both adolescents with/ without profound visual impairments. For this purpose a research was conducted in a sample of Greek adolescents (N=102) with profound visual impairments and normal vision (control group: N=51) and their teachers (N=28) with the combined use of a battery of questionnaires for the adolescents and their teachers. One way and three way ANOVAs were used for the data analyses whereas Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple regressions were used for the study of the relations between the variables under examination. The findings, as expected, indicated significant differences in specific areas concerning social and physical self-perception, disorders related to interpersonal adjustment and perceived social support from classmates at the expense of adolescents with profound visual impairments. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found between profoundly visually impaired and sighted adolescents regarding global self-esteem, total score of behavioral and emotional disorders and perceived social support from the rest "significant others" of their social network. In addition, the examination of the relations between the variables under study acknowledged the primary contribution of classmates' support in the psychosocial adjustment of profoundly visually impaired adolescents, the strong influence of close friends' support and the supplementary but significant role of the support from parents and teachers. Finally, it was found that age, gender and age of visual impairment onset have significant but rather insubstantial influences on self-concept, behavioral/ emotional disorders and social support of adolescents with/ without profound visual impairments.
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