The morphotectonic structure that dominate in Salamis Island strike E-W and NE-SW, having as a result that neotectonic grabens and horsts follow these general directions. The asymmetry of the drainage network is due to the kinematic regime of the neotectonic blocks. Salamis Island is located in an area where structural trendings of E-W (Corinthian Gulf, Megara graben, Gerania Mt., Pateras Mt.) and NE-SW (Aigaleo Mt., Ymittos Mt., Athens Basin) are intersected, resulting a complicated neotectonic structure.

This paper presents the results of our research in the area of Lokris (Central Greece), regarding the relationship between the neotectonic structures and the response of the drainage network, which is found to be tectonically controlled to a great degree. Neotectonic mapping, geometrical and kinematic analysis, and morphotectonic investigation have shown that the local neotectonic grain is attributable to torsional deformation.

Several geoscientists in the past have mentioned the presence of pebbles, that have originated from the metamorphosed formations of the lower tectonic units of Péloponnèse (Ama and Mani units), in the outcrops of the post-alpine deposits of Pylia penninsula. As the present physicogeographical appearance of SW Péloponnèse does not justify the existence of those pebbles in the post-alpine deposits of Pylia, since Arna and Mani units outcrop only at the Mani penninsula, an efford is made for the interpretation of the paleogeographic evolution of the greater area and the conditions of deposition of those formations.

The wider area of Attica region and generally the Saronic Gulf contains a significant part of the history and mythology of the ancient Hellenic world. Without overreacting, it could be said that it is one of the most sacred regions of Ancient Greece and perhaps is the only region in the whole world that is related to the birth of so many gods, goddesses and heroes. This fact is linked to the paleo-climatic and geo-environmental changes that have been taken place in the Aegean and Peri-Aegean area and especially in the Saronic Gulf. As it is known, during the last 18000 years, which is after the end of the last glacial period, the climatic changes related to temperature rise had as a consequence the rise of the sea level by 125 m at least. The sea level rise had as a result significant changes in the natural environment and mainly to the distribution of coastlines and coastal areas. The rise of the sea level had also as a result the flooding of closed hydrological basins with changes in their physico-geographical function by changing them initially to lakes and in time to basins. Prehistoric man witnessed these changes in his environment and he attributed them to various gods, sometimes to destructive gods and sometimes to protective ones. All these are mentioned in several myths of Greek mythology. Therefore, the aim of this paper is the correlation of several of those myths with the physicogeographical and geological changes that took place mainly during prehistoric times in order to attempt their interpretation. We will try to approach the mythological relationship of Salamis nymph, the daughter of Asopos river and Metopi, with god Poseidon, in relation to the physicogeographical changes in the greater area between the island of Salamis and Elefsis area during the last 18000 years. The area which, nowadays, is being occupying by the bay of Elefsis. In this area 18.000 years BP there was a closed hydrological basin, which is a morphological depression that did not communicate with the sea, during that time the Saronic Gulf shoreline was located about 30 km away. The data collected up to today do not allow us to say that it was a lake during that period, however, something very possible especially during 10000 BP and 5000 BP. We named this paleo-lake "Kichrea Lake" as a tribute towards Kihreas, the son of Poseidon and Salamis nymph. At this point it is worth mentioning that Salamina and her sister Aegina were both daughters of Asopos river, a river that is located in Aegina Island and that today unfortunately has been renamed to Skoteini stream.

The morphoneotectonic study of the Parais' mountain showed that the higher planation surfaces lay at the central area of the eastern Parais, while the rest of them lay lower towards the north, south and west, giving the impression of a mega-anticlinic structure, in accordance to the east-west trending water divide of the mountain. In addition, the open folds of the L. Cretaceous carbonates with axes trending E-W, appear to have folded the older isoclinal or closed folds whose axes plunge northwards or southwards respectively. The contour-map of the contact between the L. Cretaceous carbonates and the underlying formations (originally an unconformity, but now only observed as a thrust surface) reveals that this contact is curved in a mega-anticline shape, with an axis trending approximately E-W, and plunging westwards. Thus, we conclude that Parais Mt. is a complicated morphoneotectonic structure due to a long term active brittle-ductile deformation, expressed as a mega-anticline of an E-W axis with active fault zones with respective strike.