On the S W foothills of Mt. Menikion and the NE part of Serres basin, four zones of composite alluvial fans have been formed. The upper zone of thick hard fanglomerates lies at altitudes of 280 to 600 m on Mt. Menikion schists and marbles. The high zone of loose fanglomerates, with red-brown sand matrix, lies at altitudes of 200 to 350 m on the neogene deposits. The intermediate zone of mixed coarse and fine elastics lies at altitudes of 80 to 140 m on neogene deposits. The lower zone of gravel, sand and silt deposits lies at altitudes of 10 to 60 m on quaternary terrace deposits. Each zone is approximately 13 - 17 km long and 1-2 km wide, with E/SE - W/NW trend, almost parallel to the main fault lines of the area. The fan zones were deposited along the slopes of Mt. Menikion and Serres basin, owing to the fault tectonics of the area. Several E/SE - W/NW trending parallel to each other listric faults, were formed on the basement on Mt. Menikion and the neogene deposits of Serres basin. Their blocks slided and turned downstream along the faults, so that their surface inclined backwards. Close to the faults, parallel valleys were formed. They filled up with quaternary deposits, brought down by activated torrents. The torrents flowed transversely to the fault blocks. At the inner parts of the blocks they deposited clastic material in the form of alluvial fans. In the outer – higher part of the blocks they were incised in the rocks or the neogene sediments, to form narrow valleys, with terraces along their walls. The staircase development of the relief finally resulted in a staircase development of the fan zones. The two zones, upper and high, seem to be Pleistocene in age and the torrents have already incised in the fan material. The two zones, intermediate and lower, seem to be Holocene in age and are still active. Tectonic activity seems to have been the main cause of sediment entrapment in the Serres basin and the low sediment delivery rate of the river Strymon during the Quaternary.

Thermaikos Gulf receives sediment fluxes from major rivers at its western side, where a thick Holocene deltaic sequence has been developed. The eastern site of the gulf is characterized by alternating erosional and depositional coastlines with the formation of marine terraces and lagoons respectively. Application of the Bruun equilibrium profile model to eastern side of the gulf indicated that the terraces are retreating with high rates of erosion in response to Holocene sea level rise. The mean retreat rate is approximately 0.15 m/y for the last 10000 years, but the recent rate must be lower at about 0.10 m/y. Significant part of the ancient town Aineia, which was build on the eroding terrace, has already been disappeared. The recent low depositional coastlines with lagoons are found in the axis of old valleys, where depositional processes created low morphological profile, which is in equilibrium with the wave processes, according to Bruun model. The recent form of eastern Thermaikos coastline, where the low coastal areas form headlands is the result of faster re-treat of coastal terraces, leaving the depositional low coastal regions as promontories.

Mesologi lagoon is a large and shallow environment with intense fish farming applications and the consequent enclosing of very large areas with fish fences and nets, which make field mapping almost impossible. Anthropogenic influence is eminent and a recent and updated morphological map was necessary. A mapping technique is presented based on the use of astronaut photography that is distributed freely by the Internet site of NASA. The digital photograph was geometrically corrected, visually, as semi transparent layer over a scanned map image by the use of PHOTOSHOP software. The areas of known depth were used to classify the depths of the lagoon with the PHOTOSHOP tool "replace color". An image therefore was produce with the depths classified as solid colors. This image was used as base map in MAPINFO, to produce a digital map in GIS environment, where all anthropogenic influence and depths (as depth ranges) are exist as separate layers and reveal the morphological background of the lagoon. The GIS map was used to calculate the water volume of the lagoon and the changes of the volume, as the sea level fluctuates with the tide. The depth-volume diagram was created and shows that during low water (-30cm) the volume is reduced by 43%, in contrast an increase of only 12% when sea level become 30cm higher. This is the result of the construction of peripheral embankments that restricts extension of the lagoon in high water. The implication of this situation is that the water renewal is restricted when sea level is kept high by a barometric low or an onshore wind, in contrast to very good renewal time when sea level is kept low by a barometric high.

The purpose of the study was the precise delineation and mapping of alluvial fans, locating in mountainous areas of Northern Greece, by the use of: a) LANDSAT/TM and TERRA/ASTER satellite images (pixel size 30 m and 15-90 m respectively), b) topographic and geological maps and c) ground truth procedure (visiting the test sites). The digital processing of the satellite images was performed with EASI/PACE software. False Colour Composite (FCC) images, that helped to the better delineation of the fans, were derived by various image processing techniques, such as contrast stretching, ratioing, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),etc. The above processed images were imported into a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they were georeferenced to UTM Projection System. Next, the delineated (on the images) fans were digitized and overlaid to topographic and geological maps. From the above procedure and in comparison to ground-truth observations, it was concluded that the boundaries of the alluvial fans appear more precisely on the satellite images than in geological and topographic maps. The results of this study could be useful to geomorphologists dealing with morphological study and analysis of the alluvial fans. Also, they could be helpful to the improvement and updating of the present geological maps, by defining the boundaries of the fans mere precisely. Finally, conclusions can be drawn concerning the sorting of the materials comprising the fans. This information could be useful to hydrogeologists, since the alluvial fans are usually rich in water content.

This paper was based on some of the key provisions of Directive 2000/60, which are intended to establish a framework for water protection. Senior environmental objective of Directive 2000/60 is to achieve good status for all waters by 2015. To achieve this goal, some steps followed as required by the Directive. This work was originally to determine the watershed of the river Kouris, which is the study area, located west of Limassol city (Cyprus), in an area calculated about 357km2.The main features of the river basin are indicated, such as the climatic data, geology, agriculture and livestock and also the human interventions relating to the construction of the Kouris dam and river diversion tunnel Diarizos. Additionally, there is a classification of land cover, according to the Corine land cover 2006. A description is made too, for the protected areas, covered in the study area. An application of the typology, is made, to identify the types and the water bodies as defined by the Directive 2000/60. Of the two systems which it lays down (A and B), the system B is selected because is more flexible than the system A and allows the use of additional descriptors. Due to the construction of the Kouris dam, of the impoundment of water upstream and of the absence of feeder in the downstream region, the river basin of Kouris is divided finally into two independent river basins. So it seems appropriate to apply a typology for the watershed of Kouris River in its natural state and one for the two independent river basins, which are resulting from the construction of the dam. Also two typologies are applied, for the descriptors. In one case as descriptors are selected, the altitude, the size of the river basin, the geology, and as an optional descriptor, the gradients. In the second case the selected descriptors, as applied in Cyprus, are the flow regime (continuous or non-continuous) and the annual volume of rainfall resulting from the rainfall and the size of the river basin. The results obtained for the Kouris watershed in its natural state , are 8 types and 62 water bodies, in the case of four descriptors and 3 types and 53 water bodies, in the case of the descriptors like applied in Cyprus. According to the analysis, it is obvious that System B with the use of the four descriptors defines with more accuracy the water bodies than the one applied in Cyprus.