We study the electromechanical transduction in nanoelectromechanical actuators and show that the differences in scaling laws for electrical and mechanical effects lead to an overall nontrivial miniaturization behavior. In particular, the previously neglected fringing fields considerably increase electrical forces and improve the stability of nanoscale actuators. This shows that electrostatics does not pose any limitations to the miniaturization of electromechanical systems; in fact, in several respects, nanosystems outperform their microscale counterparts. As a specific example, we consider in-plane actuation of ultrathin slabs and show that devices consisting of a few layers of graphene are feasible, implying that electromechanical resonators operating beyond 40 GHz are possible with currently available technology.
A number of stilbenoid and chalconoid derivatives were prepared by straightforward methods, and their ability to modulate tyrosinase activity and to scavenge free radicals were evaluated in vitro. The cell-free in vitro evaluation revealed two diarylpropanes, 24 and 25, as potent tyrosinase inhibitors, whereas diarylpropenoic acids seemed to enhance the enzymatic activity. An in silico evaluation of the binding affinity of the selected compounds with the crystal structure of tyrosinase was also conducted in order to obtain better insight into the mechanism. Representative synthetic compounds with inhibitory and activating properties were further evaluated in melanoma cell lines B16F1 and B16F10 for their ability to moderate tyrosinase activity and affect melanin production. Dihydrostilbene analogues I and II, exhibited a stronger anti-melanogenic effect than kojic acid through the inhibition of cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin formation, while diarylpropanoic acid 44 proved to be a potent melanogenic factor, inducing cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin formation. Moreover, the antioxidant evaluation disclosed two analogues (29 and 11) with significant free-radical-scavenging activity (12.4 and 20.3 μM), which were 10- and 6-fold more potent than ascorbic acid (122.1 μΜ), respectively.
Η τρέχουσα προσέγγιση του ζητήματος της «πολιτικής διαφθοράς» βασίζεται τις περισσότερες φορές είτε σε μια ηθικο-κανονιστική καταγγελτική της λειτουργίας του δημοσίου τομέα, είτε σε λειτουργικές αναλύσεις των επιπτώσεων της και του «κόστους» της στην οικονομική ανάπτυξη και στη φερεγγυότητα του δημοκρατικού πολιτεύματος. Με το κείμενο αυτό επιχειρείται μια μεθοδολογική και επιστημολογική μετατόπιση. Η διαφθορά θα αντιμετωπισθεί ως εγγενώς πολιτικό πρόβλημα στο πλαίσιο του εξ ορισμού ανεπαρκούς χωρισμού ανάμεσα στην κοινωνία και το κράτος και κατ’ επέκταση ανάμεσα στους ιδιαίτερους κανονιστικούς κώδικες που προσιδιάζουν σε κάθε μία από τις δύο αυτές σφαίρες. Με αυτή την έννοια, το ζήτημα της διαφθοράς δεν μπορεί να αντιμετωπιστεί πάρα μόνον στο πλαίσιο μιας ευρύτερης θεώρησης των υπό συνεχή εξέλιξη δομών και λειτουργιών του καπιταλιστικού κράτους.
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