The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) is a tool for the burnout measurement including three different subscales: (i) personal, (ii) work-related and (iii) client-related burnout. The aim of this study was the translation and validation of CBI into the Greek Language. Initially the questionnaire was distributed to 35 medical students for face validity assessment. Then, 282 residents answered the Greek version of CBI so as for construct validity to be examined. The data analysis was performed by using SPSS and AMOS. Face validity was estimated above 0.8 for the Greek version of CBI. The three factors model of CBI-Greek, with 1 item removed, achieved not so well-defined inner structure in CFI. However, the 16-item model achieved good levels of goodness-of-fit indices (Cmin/df 2.52, RMSEA 0.074, GFI 0.901, CFI70.938, NFI 0.901, TLI 0.923). The composite reliability values, also varied from 0.842 to 0.852. Cronbach’s alpha index values surpassed 0.844. The 16-item model of CBI-Gr is a valid tool with high internal consistency that can be used in the evaluation of burnout in Greek population. The original 3 items model is a possible alternative.

Background: Job satisfaction and work-related stress effect, job turnover, and patient satisfaction in nursing.Aim: To present the views of Greek Army Registered Nurses and Civilian Registered Nurses on job satisfaction and job stress and why they are lead to seeking employment elsewhere.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken by questionnaire on a random sample of 117 Registered Nurses (77 Army RNs -40 Civilian RNs), (Response rate 42%). The Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale was used to measure overall job satisfaction. Job related tension index was used to measure nurses' levels of stress. The association between relationship factors and organizational outcomes such as job satisfaction, turnover intentions and organizational commitment were assessed. The analysis was made with the use of SPSS (version 15).Results: Mean score of stress was for Army Registered Nurses (RNs) m=31.61 (SD 9.041 min=21 max=75) while for Civilian Registered Nurses was m=29.38 (SD 7.117 min=12 max=46) The most frequently mentioned source of job stress for civilian RNs is not having a say on the appearance and structure of their work environment (p=0.017). Not being appreciated and not treated as equal to other health professionals. showed that the increase in job satisfaction of Army RNs was predicted by older nurses p= 0.001, r= 0.363, by more experienced ones with more years at work p= 0.004, r= 0.326. Conclusions:A nursing career is fulfilling when the nurse is given the opportunity to provide input on decisions in the workplace, is treated as an equal to other health professionals and is given recognition for accomplishments. The current shortage of nurses highlights the importance of understanding the impact of low moral and stress in the workplace and the need to implement innovative programs that respect the nursing profession.

Background: The early birth of a newborn and the hospital care in the intensive care causes stress to parents. Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate preterm parents’ level of stress and which coping strategies do they use in a Neonatal Intensive care Unit in a University Hospital of Central Greece. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a group of 82 preterm parents in the Neonatal Intensive care unit in a University Hospital of Central Greece. They were asked to answer a questionnaire with the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (BRIEF/COPE), Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES). The McNemar test was used to compare fathers ‘and mothers’ views on psychological support. The paired t-test or the Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to compare scores between fathers and mothers. The levels of importance are bilateral and the statistical importance was defined as 0.5. For the analysis SPSS 22.0 was used. Results: The most common cause of admission to NICU was low birth weight. The severity of the preterm’s condition was found to be independently correlated with PSS-NICU score due to “sights and sounds” and due to “Infant Appearance and behaviour” in the NICU. The severity of the child’s condition and the parents’ DSES score were found to be independently correlated to the stress score due to their “parent-infant relationship”. Mothers ‘and fathers’ scores on the dimensions of the Brief-COPE Questionnaire were similar, suggesting a similar way of managing stress. Substance use, religion, humor were found to correlate with total score of PSS-NICU. More specifically PSS-NICU correlated negatively with substance use (r=-0.30 p=0.009) and humor (r=-0.28 p=0.016) while it correlated positively with religion (r=0.29 p=0.011). Conclusion: Mothers and fathers of preterm need support. Spirituality and religion, helps then face the challenges of having their baby hospitalized in a NICU.

Background: Stress response strategies are a conscious effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, aiming to minimize stress. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the stress response strategies of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample consisted of 550 Greek nurses working in Greece and other European countries (460 women and 90 men). Ways of Coping was used as the data collection tool. Participants were invited to complete the questionnaire via online GOOGLE FORMS. The statistical processing was carried out using a descriptive and inferential analysis via the statistical package for Social Science (SPSS v.21). Results: Analysis of the results shows a statistically significant difference between the two genders in the questionnaire’s subscales “Search for social support” (Women=1.88, Men=1.57, p<0.001) and “Wishful Thinking” (Women=1.76, Men=1.51, p <0. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of country of work regarding the following subscales: ‘Search for social support’ (Greece=1.85, Outside Greece=1.67, p=0.019), ‘Wishful Thinking’ (Greece=1.74, Outside Greece=1.51, p=0.005) and ‘Problem Solving Assertion’ (Greece=1.39, Outside Greece=1.13, p=0.001). Conclusion: Stress response strategies for nurses are fundamental in addressing the difficult situations and conditions they face due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

PurposeThis viewpoint article discusses and analyses the need and benefits of a patient safety definition within the context of nursing.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint article is supported by literature review, statutory documents and expert knowledge evidence. All these sources provided a unified narrative of the background, current aspects and future needs of patient safety.FindingsThe need for strengthening patient safety and the nurses' role within healthcare's actions towards patient safety are discussed. The predominant role of nurses due to the proportionate size and significant role along with the need for clarification of patient safety in nursing terms is recognised. Research evidence of nursing areas with safety issues and relevant nursing interventions are presented. Based on all findings, a research-based nursing specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition includes three axes: what is patient harm, how this harm can be eliminated or reduced and which are the areas of nursing practice that are identified to provide opportunity for patient harm. These axes include nursing specifications of the patient safety definition.Originality/valueIt is the first time that a nurse specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition strives to enhance nurse practitioners' understanding and engagement with patient safety by clarifying aspects of patient safety within everyday nursing practice.