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Aim. To establish the etiological structure and to present clinical and laboratory and instrumental characteristics of bronchiectasis (BE) not associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) in children. Materials and methods. Sixty-seven hospitalised patients with BЕ not related to CF were followed up between 2017 and 2022. Examination methods: clinical-anamnestic method, general clinical laboratory investigations, investigation of allergological and immune status, phagocytosis system, determination of concentration of specific IgE and IgG to fungi of genus Aspergillus, sweat test, radiological examination and computed tomography (CT) of chest organs, bronchoscopy, Bacteriological examination of sputum and/or tracheobronchial aspirates, nasal and/or bronchial ciliary motility, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 24-hour pH-metry, intra-esophageal combined impedance-pH-metry, genetic study, lung biopsy. Results. Etiologic factors of BЕ not associated with CF in children were severe pneumonia (22%), primary ciliary dyskinesia (22%), bronchial asthma (13%), Williams-Campbell syndrome (7%), bronchial foreign bodies (7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (6%), Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6%), postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (5%), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (3%), chronic granulomatous disease (3%), AIDS (1%), prolonged bacterial bronchitis (1%), brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (1%). The clinical picture is characterized by cough (91%), shortness of breath (67%), fever during exacerbation (48%), chest pain (24%), exercise intolerance (55%), drumstick symptom (9%), moist (76%) and dry wheezing (37%). CT-semiotics of BЕ not associated with CF is characterized by localization in one (58%) or several (42%) lobes; traction (42%), non-traction (49%) B and their combination (9%); increased broncho-arterial ratio 0.9; thickening of bronchial wall; "mosaic perfusion"/"air-trap" symptom (9%); more frequent involvement of lower lungs (64%). The main infectious agents in BЕ not associated with CF were Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion. On the basis of a multicentre study, the etiological structure, clinical and laboratory and CT-characteristics of non-CF ВE in children were established.

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In the review there are presented the modern scientific concept of the shaping of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children, giver significant etiological aspects of IBS. Genetic and epigenetic, immure and inflammatory, neurological, and psychological factors, chamges im the imtestimal microbiota with emvirommemtal imfluemces were determimed to superimpose manifestations of visceral hypersensitivity and disorders of intestinal motility in the clinical picture of IBS, which in turn depends or a complex interaction between the intestine and the nervous system in the regulation of the digestive system of a growimg orgamism. There has beem formulated the statememt that IBS is a biopsychosocial disorder imvolving disturbances at different levels of the regulation ofpathological mechanisms - from the psycho-social impact to the sensory-motor dysfunction due to a combination of disorders of visceral sensitivity and motor activity of the intestine. New diagnostic methods and means of comprehensive treatment of this common form of the disease in children are described, diagnostic features of IBS in the ambulatory conditions are determined. There are considered various groups of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of IBS, mechanisms of action of artispasmodic drugs of new generations, features of the use ofprebiotics and probiotics, as well as medications for psychosomatic correction.