Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has some specific clinical and immunopathogenic properties. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family, the Betacoronavirus genus. COVID-19 can be asymptomatic, the most common clinical manifestation of this disease is viral pneumonia. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome is noted in less than 5% of cases. The entry gates of this virus are the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract and epithelial cells (epitheliocytes) of the gastrointestinal tract. When the virus enters the human respiratory tract, mucociliary clearance is inhibited and epithelial cells die, allowing the virus to enter the peripheral blood with subsequent damage to target organs (lungs, digestive tract, heart, kidneys). An important pathogenic characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially with severe disease, is an excessive immune system response with massive release of cytokines, which causes acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can be significantly more sensitive to type I interferons (IFN-I), than other coronaviruses. IFN-I deficiency is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and several studies have shown that delayed IFN-I signaling is associated with sustained viral replication and serious complications. The use of interferon-based medicines (IFN-I) for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 appears to be quite important to study attentively. This paper presents an original regimen of recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine (Grippferon®, nasal drops and spray) for the medication-assisted post-exposure prevention of COVID-19 in healthcare specialists, working in the pediatric infectious disease hospital. The effectiveness and safety of this medication regimen for the COVID-19 prevention was shown. Key words: medication-assisted prevention, COVID-19, post-exposure protection of healthcare workers, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon

The article describes a case of the spontaneous esophagus rupture (the Boerhaave syndrome) in a 4-year-old child developed simultaneously with an acute intestinal infectious disease. The main reasons of prolonged diagnostic process are poor awareness of most of the medical specialists about the Boerhaave syndrome, the rarity of the disease and the diversity of clinical implications. Any case complicated with this orphan disease needs an emergent surgery operation. The development of the Boerhaave syndrome ends fatally in most cases.

Проведено анонимное анкетирование 66 врачей-педиатров, работающих в медицинских учреждениях г. Волгограда. Установлено, что все (100 %) признают важность профилактической работы, большинство из них (86 %) осведомлено о реально эффективных методах профилактики и обучают им родителей пациентов. Основным препятствием к проведению данного раздела работы является недостаточное количество времени на приеме, на что указывает 71,2 % опрошенных. У врачей частных клиник и стационаров этой работе уделяется больше времени, чем в муниципальном поликлиническом звене.

The article presents a single clinical case of a severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a newborn. Clinical and laboratory examination and treatment of the patient were carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the treatment of coronavirus infection in children. On the third day of hospitalization neonatal death occurred due to the development of multiple organ failure despite the medical therapy. An autopsy revealed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) of the type of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) accompanied by bilateral polysegmental pneumonia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет 2 Департамент здравоохранения администрации Волгоградской области 3 Волгоградская областная детская клиническая инфекционная больница В статье анализируется заболеваемость ветряной оспой в г. Волгограде. Ретроспективно оценены основные показатели, характеризующие тяжесть течения заболевания у детей, оценены экономические затраты на лечение госпитализированных больных и ежегодный экономический ущерб. Приводятся результаты реализации областной программы «Вакцинация», в рамках которой проведена иммунизация 14 тыс. детей вакциной Окавакс, показавшей высокую эффективность и безопасность. Ключевые слова: ветряная оспа, заболеваемость ветряной оспой, течение и осложнения ветряной оспы, вакцинация.