This investigation is based on measurements of stable isotopes concentrations (δD and δ18О) in water, snow and ice samples. Glaciers are composed of ice, snow, and fi n of atmospheric origin. The isotopic composition of these components is different, so when melting they form the melted glacial water with different isotope characteristics. Summer precipitation contains the heaviest isotopes, but only a small part of them remains on the glacier. The average isotopic composition of glacier ice represents the average composition of precipitation that accumulates on it. However, snow and fi n of different seasons can occur on the glacier surface, the isotopic composition of which differs from the isotopic composition of glacier ice. At different times of the ablation season different parts of the glacier melt, therefore the isotopic composition of melt waters will be different. Differences in the isotopic composition of the major runoff-forming components on the Northern slopes of the massif Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola had been identified. A part of melting ice in the formation of the runoff on this massif is determined by estimation of the isotopic composition of snow, ice, and fi n on different glaciers of this region. The average δ18О of snow on the glacier surface is −11.9‰, and this snow can be attributed to the precipitation fallen in late spring or early summer. Measured average isotopic composition of precipitation (δ18О = −11.9‰) was compared with the online calculator of the isotope content in precipitation (OIPC). The isotopic composition of glacial melt waters on the Northern macro-slope in the middle of July 2015 (δ18О = −15.3‰) differs from the isotopic composition of the territory of the Mongolian part of the massif (δ18О = −17.4‰) obtained from results of the analysis of eight samples taken at different edges of the glaciers at the beginning of August 2013. Isotopic separation shows important role of summer snow in feeding the glacial rivers of the massif even in the middle of the ablation season, especially for glaciers in the central part of the massif. The role of seasonal snow in feeding the glacier streams depends on the morphological type of glacier. It is maximum for corrie glaciers and minimum for the valley ones.
Климатическая изменчивость в Восточной Антарктиде за последние 2000 лет мало изучена. Бурение и исследование, включая измерение электропроводности и изотопного состава, снежно-фирновых кернов, необходимы для реконструкции климата прошлого. Представлены первые результаты детального исследования образцов снежно-фирновых кернов из скважины VK16 глубиной 70 м, пробуренной на станции Восток (Центральная Антарктида), которые охватывают эпоху позднего голоцена (последние 2000 лет). Обсуждаются методика построения хроностратиграфической шкалы и ее погрешность, результаты измерения изотопного состава и их интерпретация, профиль плотности снежно-фирновой толщи. Реконструированы климатические условия (температура воздуха и скорость снегонакопления) в окрестностях станции Восток. Полученные результаты сравниваются с опубликованными палеоклиматическими реконструкциями.
Представлены результаты изотопных исследований нескольких ледяных кернов, полученных на Западном плато Эльбруса (Кавказ). В изотопном составе кернов прослеживается чёткий сезонный сигнал. Рассчитаны среднегодовые и среднесезонные значения изотопного состава и скорости снегонакопления за 89 лет (с 1924 по 2012 г.). Эти значения сопоставлены с данными метеонаблюдений в регионе и с характеристиками циркуляции атмосферы. Показано, что в тёплый период года изотопный состав зависит от температуры воздуха в регионе, а в холодный-от особенностей циркуляции атмосферы. The results of the isotopic investigations of several ice cores obtained at the Western Plateau of Mt. Elbrus (the Caucasus) are presented. There is a distinct seasonal cycle in the isotopic composition record in these cores. Mean annual and seasonal values of the isotopic composition and accumulation rate were reconstructed for 89 years (1924-2012). These values were compared with the available regional meteorological data and the atmospheric circulation characteristics. It was shown that in the summer season the isotopic composition reflects the local temperature while in winter it depends on the atmospheric circulation.
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