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Modern agricultural production is based on ensuring the required level of production in order to obtain the maximum yield of the final product per unit area. Selection of a variety in this system is one of the fundamental points. In the course of the analysis of varieties of various breeding zoned in the Central Black Earth Region, it was found that in the period 2018-2019 in the north of Central Russia, varieties of local domestic selection Zusha (2.81 t/ha) and Osmon’ (2.85 t/ha) showed the highest efficiency. At the same time, foreign varieties Amadeus (6.08 t/ha) and Sirelia (7.11 t/ha) had the best potential. Under equal conditions, domestic varieties showed the best economic efficiency in 178-229% of the actual profitability. However, foreign varieties have an excellent potential of 382-561% of profitability, which is hindered by morphological and adaptive characteristics.

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Pea morphotype with layered heterophyllia chameleon has a high potential for seed productivity. Developed at Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (FNTs ZBK ) the best varieties-chameleons at the average for 3 years (2017-2019) at yield 0.44 t/ha surpassed standard leafletless varieties by 0.54 t/ha. Moreover, they contained 1.2% more protein in the seeds. Chameleon varieties fully realize their potential with a yield of more than 3.0 t/ha. The data of the state test of the Spartak variety shows that, despite the additional production costs, the profitability of cultivation of this variety and net income increase with an increase in yield, and the cost of seeds decreases.